France, Germany and Greece have called for a clampdown on the trade of credit default swaps, a form of insurance against default, without owning the debt. They claim traders who profit from so-called naked swaps are pushing costs on government borrowing to "unjustifiably high" levels.
Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou says he will need to seek cheaper loans from other European governments or the International Monetary Fund unless markets lower the rates they are demanding to buy Greek debt. Traders see a high risk that Athens might not repay its loans.
ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet did not mention Greece or a possible European bailout for the country, but said he was concerned that credit default swaps could be used purely to generate profit and that they could pose a risk to the financial system.
"Certain financial instruments, which were introduced in consideration of their positive effects for the hedging of risks, should not be misused in a speculative manner," he warned.
"Authorities must be able to gather information, to assess possible risks for financial stability and detect possible improper conduct," he told a European Commission conference on preventing a future financial crisis.
He said greater transparency in credit default swaps markets was a "public good" for financial supervisors and for investors.
Trichet argued for the creation of more central counterparties to take over the handling of swaps deals, which are currently often traded privately between financial investors.
Central counterparties would deliver "much-needed transparency for all parties involved," he said. They would also make the swaps market more resilient to shocks by diversifying and sharing risk exposure and reduce the incentive to take excessive risks, he said.
US supervisors also favor more central counterparties as a key reform for the credit default swaps markets, saying they should be used to clear all over-the-counter derivatives. They also want traders to put up more collateral for derivatives - which could curb trades.
Trichet did not discuss a recent threat by the European Commission to ban naked credit default swaps if a current investigation identifies problems with the market.
Gary Gensler, the chairman of the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission, says an outright ban would not work because it would be "difficult to police" and would only encourage traders to seek other high risk and high return investments.
The European Commission plans to propose new rules, supervision and transparency requirements for all derivatives in June.
Global recommendations on standardizing and trading derivatives will be made by the Financial Stability Board in October, the board's chairman Mario Draghi said Wednesday.
