OPEC-members attending an Arab Energy Conference will be watching international oil markets for further falls, but also have the challenge of meeting rapidly rising energy demand at home high on their agendas.
"The concern for producers will be what happens if the sovereign debt crisis spreads across Europe and over the Atlantic," said Victor Shum, an analyst at energy consultancy Purvin & Gertz. "This will scupper the global economic recovery."
The conference in Doha from Sunday until Wednesday is not an OPEC gathering, but oil ministers will probably hold informal meetings on the sidelines of the four-day event. Ministers from OPEC members Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Algeria and Libya were expected to attend.
"Issues related to OPEC supply will be discussed," said one OPEC delegate. "But the oil price is not based on fundamentals and is moving on fluctuations in the US dollar."
US crude hit a 19-month high on Monday of $87.15, but has since fallen back sharply, dropping to an intra-day low below $75 a barrel on Thursday, its weakest since February. It was back above $77 on Friday.
The extent of the fall and the volatility could worry some OPEC ministers, but the price is back in the $70 to $80 per barrel range the group's largest producer Saudi Arabia has said was fair for consumers and producers.
"The price is still in a good place for the Saudis," said Bill Farren-Price of consultancy Petroleum Policy Intelligence. "I don't hear anybody complaining. Below $70 would be a different story."
Oil has mostly traded above $80 since early March, and Kuwait's oil minister last week talked of stepping in to calm the rally if the price hit $100.
OPEC ministers question the link between the price and oil market fundamentals. The price has stayed high in defiance of brimming global inventories, tepid demand growth in most of the world and a relatively high level of spare capacity among members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
OPEC is not scheduled to meet formally until October and has kept oil supply targets steady since late 2008. Higher prices have encouraged some members to boost output informally, but core Gulf Arab members Saudi, the UAE and Kuwait have stuck to output restraints.
A petrodollar-fueled economic boom in much of the Arab region has left governments in some of the world's top oil producing countries struggling to meet domestic demand for gas and power.
"Unfettered growth in demand in these countries as a result of cheap or subsidized prices is something they will have to deal with at some point," said Farren-Price. "It is impossible to service the growth in energy demand at the rate experienced in most of these countries."
Saudi Arabia's state oil giant Aramco warned last month Saudi Arabia's capacity to export would be eroded in the next 20 years if consumption continued to grow at current rates and energy efficiency was unimproved.
Its capacity to export could fall by 3 million barrels per day by 2028 to less than 7 million bpd, Aramco Chief Executive Khaled Al-Falih said.
The world's top oil reserve holder Saudi Arabia experienced power shortages last year and also lacks gas supplies to meet power demand and industry needs.
Its Gulf Arab neighbors, with the exception of top LNG exporter Qatar, are also short of gas supplies.
Gulf countries have established a power grid that may help them to meet individual electricity shortfalls in the future. But for now, none of them has much power to sell into the grid.
Building the refineries and infrastructure needed to meet domestic energy demand was also a problem for some countries because of the challenge of raising project financing, Farren-Price said.
Third-largest oil exporter the United Arab Emirates has announced it would slowly raise subsidized retail gasoline prices to international market rates.
That might herald a similar change from Gulf Arab neighbors in a region which has typically sold some of the world's cheapest fuel.
The Arab Energy Conference takes place every four years and is jointly sponsored by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD).
