At least 42 people were killed and 175 wounded when two suicide bombers struck Pakistan's most important Sufi shrine on Thursday night, the second major attack on Pakistan's cultural hub and traditional seat of power, Punjab, in a month.
The violence followed offensives that the army said had weakened the Al-Qaeda-linked Taleban.
All major markets and business centers were closed in Lahore for the strike called by a religious alliance.
A mob of baton-wielding protesters forced people who did not join the protest action to close their shops at a major market area. Police detained around 10 protesters after they smashed windows of parked cars. No one was hurt, police said.
Emotions are running high among followers of the Sufi strand of Islam after the attack, which may have been the aim of militants seeking to destablise nuclear-armed US ally Pakistan.
Major markets in the southern city of Karachi were also closed in response to the strike call.
Angry protests were held in Lahore and several cities and towns across the country on Friday calling for a tougher government crackdown on militants linked to Al-Qaeda and Taleban who generally abhor the Sufi strand of Islam and disapprove of Muslims visiting shrines, popular with many Pakistanis.
"We want the government to immediately bring perpetrators of this crime to task. We will not end our protest until culprits are punished," Raghib Naeemi, a leading Sufi cleric, told Reuters.
Security was beefed up at Sufi shrines across the country as the government sought to project an image of stability in the face of mounting violence.
Pakistanis, already frustrated by a troubled economy and crippling power cuts, called for the resignation of Punjab government officials after the bloodshed. Lahore is the capital of Punjab province.
Police said they had rounded up several suspected militants around Lahore and recovered 20 suicide vests, police uniforms and and large amounts of ammunition on Friday night.
No one claimed responsibility for the shrine attack, but officials have blamed "Punjabi Taleban" — a term used for militants drawn from the province who have ganged up with Taleban in the northwest and have also forged ties with Al-Qaeda — for previous attacks in the province.
