US District Judge Virginia Phillips ruled Thursday that the prohibition on openly gay military service members, known as "don't ask, don't tell," also doesn't help military readiness and has a "direct and deleterious effect" by hurting recruitment efforts during wartime and requiring the discharge of service members who have critical skills and training.
The Log Cabin Republicans, a conservative gay rights group, sued the federal government in 2004 to stop the policy, which prohibits the military from asking about the sexual orientation of service members. Under the 1993 policy, service men and women who acknowledge being gay or are discovered engaging in homosexual activity, even in the privacy of their own homes off base, are subject to discharge.
Phillips will draft the injunction with input from the Log Cabin Republicans this week, and the federal government will have a week to respond.
Government lawyers said the judge lacked the authority to issue a nationwide injunction.
The US Department of Justice can appeal the ruling but the government has not announced what it intends to do.
After-hours e-mails and calls requesting comment from government attorney Paul G. Freeborne and from the Pentagon were not immediately returned Thursday evening.
The case was the biggest legal test of the law in recent years and came amid promises by President Barack Obama that he will work to repeal the policy.
"This decision will change the lives of many individuals who only wanted to serve their country bravely," said the group's attorney, Dan Woods.
The Log Cabin Republicans said more than 13,500 service members have been fired since 1994.
Woods had argued during the nonjury trial that the policy violates gay military members' rights to free speech, open association and right to due process.
He said the ban damages the military by forcing it to reject talented people as the country struggles to find recruits in the midst of a war. He also used Obama's remarks and those of top military commanders as evidence that the policy should be overturned.
The case is unique because it wasn't based on one individual's complaint about a discharge. Instead it made a broad, sweeping attack on the policy.
Government attorneys presented only the policy's legislative history in their defense and no witnesses or other evidence.
Freeborne had argued the policy debate was political and that the issue should be decided by Congress rather than in court. In his closing arguments he said the plaintiffs were trying to force a federal court to overstep its bounds and halt the policy as it is being debated by federal lawmakers.
The US House voted in May to repeal the policy, and the Senate is expected to address the issue this year.
The case moved forward slowly at first because it was assigned to a judge who had health problems and later retired, Woods said. In late 2008, it was reassigned to Phillips and went to trial in July.
The ruling is the second major court ruling this summer in which a California judge handed a major victory to gay rights advocates. In August, US District Court Judge Vaughn Walker overturned a ballot proposition that banned gay marriage in California. His ruling is on hold pending appeal.
