At least six were killed in the early morning attack on the Al-Omari mosque in the southern agricultural city of Daraa, where protesters have taken to the streets in calls for reforms and political freedoms, witnesses said. An activist in contact with people in Daraa said police shot another three people protesting in its Roman-era city center after dusk. Six more bodies were found later in the day, the activist said.
Inspired by the wave of pro-democracy protests around the region, the uprising in Daraa and at least four nearby villages has become the biggest domestic challenge since the 1970s to the Syrian government, one of the most repressive in the Middle East. Security forces have responded with water cannon, tear gas, rubber bullets and live ammunition. The total death toll now stands at 22.
As the casualties mounted, people from the nearby villages of Inkhil, Jasim, Khirbet Ghazaleh and Al-Harrah tried to march on Daraa Wednesday night but security forces opened fire as they approached, the activist said. It was not immediately clear if there were more deaths or injuries.
Democracy activists used social-networking sites to call for massive demonstrations across the country on Friday, a day they dubbed “Dignity Friday.” US State Department spokesman Mark Toner said Washington was alarmed by the violence and “deeply concerned by the Syrian government’s use of violence, intimidation and arbitrary arrests to hinder the ability of its people to freely exercise their universal rights.” Heavy shooting rattled Daraa throughout the day, and an Associated Press reporter in the city heard bursts of semi-automatic gunfire echoing in its old center in the early afternoon.
The London-based Syrian Human Rights Committee reported on its website, quoting sources in Daraa, that Syrian authorities shot and killed soldier Khaled Al-Masri for refusing orders to take part in storming Al-Omari mosque.
The report could not be independently confirmed.
State TV said that an “armed gang” had attacked an ambulance in the city and security forces killed four attackers and wounded others and was chasing others who fled. It denied that security forces had stormed the mosque, but also showed footage of guns, AK-47s, hand grenades, ammunition and money that it claimed had been seized from inside.
A video posted on Facebook by activists showed what it said was an empty street near Al-Omari Mosque, with the rattle of shooting in the background as a voice shouts: “My brother, does anyone kill his people? You are our brothers.” The authenticity of the footage could not be independently verified.
Mobile phone connections to Daraa were cut and checkpoints throughout the city were manned by soldiers in camouflage uniforms and plainclothes security agents with rifles.
Anti-terrorism police wearing dark blue uniforms were also out on the streets.
An ambulance was parked on the side of a road leading to the old city, its windshield smashed.
The witness said hundreds of anti-terrorism police had surrounded Al-Omari mosque.
The activist in Damascus said six had been killed in the raid on the mosque, which began after midnight and lasted for about three hours. A witness in Daraa told the AP that five people had been slain, including a woman who looked out her window to see what was happening during the operation.
The activist said witnesses saw the body of a 12-year-old girl near the mosque late Wednesday afternoon. Another man was fatally shot by police after a funeral for one of the slain, the activist said.
And four more bodies were seen laying near the offices of a security agency but no one dared to come and pick them up, the activist said.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon condemned the violence against peaceful demonstrators in Daraa and called for “a transparent investigation into the killings” and for those responsible to be held accountable, UN spokesman Martin Nesirky said.
“He reminds the Syrian government of its obligation to protect civilians, and of its responsibility to address the legitimate aspirations of its people through a purposeful dialogue and reforms,” Nesirky said.
Daraa is a province of some 300,000 people near the Jordanian border that has suffered greatly from years of drought. It has been generally supportive of President Bashar Assad’s Baath party, said Murhaf Jouejati, a Syria expert at George Washington University.
He said Daraa had a “conservative, devoutly Muslim” population that has traditionally been a main pillar of support for the rulling party. The fact that they have been protesting in the streets “means that the Baath party is in trouble.” The grip of Syria’s security forces is weaker on the border away from the capital, Damascus, and Daraa hasn’t benefited from the country’s recent years of economic growth. Meanwhile, its main city has absorbed many Syrians from nearby areas who can no longer farm their lands because of increasing desertification.
“You have a combination of feelings of being excluded and neglected, and growing internal tensions from environmental refugees,” said Steven Heydemann, a Middle East expert at the United States Institute for Peace.
The unrest in Daraa started with the arrest last week of a group of students who sprayed anti-government graffiti on walls in Daraa, some 80 miles (130 kilometers) south of Damascus.
Demonstrations calling for the students’ release swelled into calls for political freedoms and security forces killed at least seven people in attempts to quash them, according to witnesses and activists.
The Syrian government fired the governor of Daraa province but failed to quell popular anger and on Tuesday the protests reached the village of Nawa, where hundreds of people marched demanding reforms, activist said.
So far, none of the slogans used by protesters have called for the ouster of Assad, who became the head of Syria’s minority Alawite ruling elite in 2000 after the death of his father and predecessor, Hafez.
Daraa, like most of Syria, is predominantly Sunni Muslim.
On Wednesday, Abdul-Karim Al-Rihawi, head of the Arab League for Human Rights, said several prominent activists have been arrested in the past two days, including well known writer Loay Hussein. Hussein had issued a statement calling for freedom of peaceful protests and expressed solidarity with the Daraa protesters.
