Italy’s cease-fire call exposed the strain on the NATO alliance, nearly 14 weeks into a bombing campaign that has so far failed to dislodge Qaddafi but is causing mounting concerns about its cost and about civilian casualties.
Qaddafi himself sounded a fresh note of defiance with an audio recording, broadcast on Libyan television, in which he called NATO states murderers of innocent civilians and vowed to avenge their deaths.
Asked about Italy’s cease-fire call, NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said in a newspaper interview: “No, on the contrary. We shall continue and see it through to the end.” “The allies are committed to making the necessary effort for a sustained operation,” he told France’s Le Figaro newspaper.
“We will take the time needed until the military objective is reached: end all attacks against Libyan civilians, return armed forces to barracks and freedom of movement for humanitarian aid.” NATO says it is operating under a United Nations mandate to protect civilians from Qaddafi’s forces as he tries to crush an uprising against his 41-year rule. Qaddafi says NATO’s real aim is to steal the country’s plentiful oil.
The US, British and French leaders have said they will keep up the pressure until Qaddafi leaves power, but the fighters opposing him have been unable to break through his defenses and advance on the capital.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said progress was being made. There is no doubt that Qaddafi’s forces have “their backs against the wall,” she said at a conference in Jamaica.
At the weekend, NATO acknowledged for the first time in the campaign that it may have caused multiple civilian casualties, when an airstrike hit a house in Tripoli.
That opened up cracks inside the alliance that had already been starting to appear because of the length of time the campaign had been under way without producing a decisive breakthrough.
Qaddafi alluded to the civilian casualties in the audio recording broadcast late on Wednesday.
“You said, ‘We hit our targets with precision’, you murderers!” he said. “One day we will respond to you likewise and your homes will be legitimate targets.” Italy lies directly across the Mediterranean Sea from Libya and NATO relies heavily on its military airfields to launch air operations over Libya.
But the Italian government is an uneasy participant in the campaign, with some parts of the ruling coalition opposed outright to military intervention.
Italy’s suggestions of a cease-fire got short shrift from NATO allies. Both France and Britain — the biggest contributors to the air campaign over Libya — rejected anything that would ease the pressure on Qaddafi to step down.
Time is now a crucial factor for both sides in the conflict, with unity in the NATO-led coalition likely to come under more strain and Qaddafi’s ability to resist being steadily worn down by sanctions, airstrikes and fighting with the opposition.
In a sign that Qaddafi’s military is being stretched, a Reuters photographer in Al-Qalaa, which was seized earlier this month from pro-Qaddafi forces, saw about 50 navy servicemen being held prisoner in a police station.
They said their commanders told them they were being deployed to protect the region from attack by Al-Qaeda, and they were later captured by the opposition.
The conflict has effectively partitioned Libya. The eastern third around the city of Benghazi is in the opposition’s hands while the West — apart from some opposition enclaves — is controlled by Qaddafi. There is almost no movement between the two.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) said it had begun an operation to transfer people back home who had been trapped on the wrong side of the civil war divide.
It said a ship would take several hundred people from Tripoli to Benghazi, and about 110 people were due to travel in the other direction.
“These civilians have been cut off from their relatives for four months now, unable to cross front lines because of the fighting,” said Paul Castella, head of the ICRC delegation in Tripoli.
“Most of the people we are transferring are Libyans who were working away from their home towns or visiting relatives or friends when the conflict broke out. They are very eager to rejoin their families,” he said.
