Investors initially cheered Monti's appointment, though concern lingered about the sheer amount of work his new government will have to do to restore faith in the country's battered economy and finances.
After losing all confidence in financial markets, Silvio Berlusconi resigned as premier this weekend, as promised, after both houses of Parliament passed emergency austerity and reform measures with unusual speed.
President Giorgio Napolitano tapped Monti on Sunday to create a government capable of implementing economic reforms aimed at reviving stagnant growth to bring down public debt, stuck near 120 percent of GDP.
Monti said Sunday that he would act "with a sense of urgency" to identify ministers in the new government but said he would also take the time necessary to secure a strong team. He will be meeting with various political parties throughout the day to garner support for his mission.
"In a moment of particular difficulty for Italy, in a troubled global and European context, the country must win the challenge to redeem itself. Italy needs to return to being an element of strength and not weakness in the European Union, of which we were founders and in which we need to be protagonists," Monti said.
Monti must now draw up a Cabinet, lay out his priorities, and see if he has enough support in Parliament to govern. Rival political parties offered various degrees of support, including one demand from Berlusconi's party — the largest in Parliament — that his government last only as long enough as it takes to heal Italy's finances and revive the economy.
The 68-year-old economics professor proved his mettle as European competition commissioner in the 1990s. But he'll have to win a confidence vote in Parliament before he can lead the nation.
Despite his resignation, Berlusconi pledged to continue playing a role in Italian politics.
"Berlusconi made his position very clear when he left on Sunday. He sent a video message to Italy saying that he is not finished," said James Walston, a political analyst at the American University of Rome. "So at the moment he is certainly not retired, he is not the retiring type."
Improving market confidence in Italy is crucial to the future of the euro zone as the country would be too expensive to rescue. A default on its €1.9 trillion ($2.6 trillion) in debt would cause massive chaos in financial markets and shake the global economy.
As in Greece, where a new government of technocrats also took over last week, the hope is that administrations of experts not affiliated to parties will be more willing to make the tough but necessary decisions that politicians have so far balked at.
Monti appeared to have the respect of many Italians, eager to see an end to the financial crisis that threatens their own well-being.
"In my opinion he will be better than what we had before, obviously. He seems to me to be a person who is serious, normal and with experience," said Bernardo Albrigo, in the Campo Dei Fiori open-air market in central Rome.
The next six months will be a tough test of the Italian government's ability to restore credibility in its finances — some €200 billion ($273 billion) in public debt comes due through the end of April.
On Monday, Italy easily raised €3 billion ($4.1 billion) in the sale of five-year bonds, though at a higher cost. Investors demanded an interest rate of 6.29 percent for the bonds, the highest level since 1997, compared with 5.32 percent at a similar auction a month ago.
The auction result highlighted how it will take time to bring Italy's borrowing rates significantly lower after spiking last week well above the 7-percent level that eventually forced three other euro zone countries to need bailouts.
On Monday, the yield on Italy's benchmark 10-year bonds fell as low as 6.28 percent before stabilizing around 6.40 percent — still uncomfortably high for the country. The yield is indicative of the rate the government would pay if it were to tap financial markets to raise cash.
