Gbagbo, 66, was arrested and flown Tuesday night from Ivory Coast to the Netherlands, where he was transferred to a detention center in The Hague.

About 3,000 people were killed and more than a million displaced in a four-month civil war in Ivory Coast after Gbagbo refused to cede power to Alassane Ouattara in last year's election.

The court charged Gbagbo with individual criminal responsibility, as indirect co-perpetrator, for four counts of crimes against humanity — murder, rape and other forms of sexual violence, persecution and other inhuman acts.

He is likely to be joined by other high-level suspects from both sides of the conflict, the ICC prosecutor said.

"This is a warning to everyone who commits crimes (in order to)retain power," prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo said.