The escaped convicts include many members of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan group, among them Russian and Afghan citizens, officials said.

The violent breakout from a prison run by the National State Security Committee in the capital, Dushanbe, has dealt the government an embarrassing blow after it claimed successes lately in a clampdown on alleged militant organizations.

The prisoners attacked their guards late Sunday, killing one and badly wounding two others, the security services said. They then grabbed a supply of weapons, changed into camouflage uniforms and fled.

Three hours later, at 1:10 a.m. local time, they attacked a nearby prison checkpoint, killing four guards, the security services said. They then drove off in vehicles, their direction and destination unknown.

President Emomali Rakhmon has ordered the Interior Ministry to boost the presence of armed police on roads and at airports and train stations.

Impoverished Tajikistan, which shares a long and porous border with Afghanistan, has enjoyed relative stability since the end of a civil war in the 1990s that pitted a loose coalition of religious fighters and nationalists against elements of the former Soviet elite.

The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, or IMU, is a group that emerged in the 1990s and at its outset comprised militants mainly set on toppling the authoritarian regimes in the neighboring former Soviet states of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

The IMU had training camps in Afghanistan and Pakistan and at one time fought on the side of Taleban, but was believed to have suffered significant setbacks in the US-led operations. Analysts have speculated that security operations along Pakistan's border with Afghanistan last year may have compelled militants to return to their home countries in Central Asia, prompting an upsurge in their activity in the region.

Trials against alleged terrorist cell members in Tajikistan are usually held behind closed doors and details of investigations remain closely guarded, making it difficult to determine the exact activities and goals of the locally based militant groups.

One of the fugitives was identified as Abdurasul Mirzoyev, the brother of a jailed former head of the presidential guards, who was sentenced to 30 years in prison last month on charges of involvement in a plot to overthrow the government.

Among the others who escaped were some of the 46 people sentenced to lengthy prison terms last week for involvement with an illegal armed gang led by Mirzo Ziyoyev, a commander of the United Tajik Opposition, a rebel group in the civil war.