The lucrative pearl trade in the past centuries contributed to the formation of a wealthy class in Farasan, whose trade led them to market pearls abroad
Little was known that the search for pearls were associated with hardship, fatigue, and risk for fishermen who spent long months diving, away from home
Updated 12 May 2024
Arab News
RIYADH: Farasan Islands’ Hareed festival, which concluded recently, marked the start of annual pearl fishing trips, an ancient skill and a major source of the islanders’ prosperity.
Ships once carried 30 to 40 islanders in search of pearls, a lucrative source of income in previous centuries.
Sheikh of the Farasan Islands, Mohammed bin Hadi Al-Rajhi, described the stages of preparation for pearl fishing trips, which began with the shipowner inspecting and preparing his vessel, and providing sailors’ homes with supplies and foodstuffs that will suffice their families for the duration of their absence at sea.
He also prepared food for the trip, including red corn or whole wheat, and drinking water stored in clay vessels.
FASTFACTS
• A pearl merchant, Suleiman Balaous, classified pearls according to size and weight.
• One variety, ‘Al-Dana,’ meaning round, is distinguished by its large weight, bright luster, and absence of flaws.
• Smaller varieties such as ‘Al-Mazouri,’ ‘Al-Ansar,’ and ‘Al- Badla,’ have irregular shapes.
Al-Rajhi, an expert on pearl fishing, added: “The beginning of the month of May witnessed the start of these trips that last for three or four months, which are the summer months when it is easy to obtain pearls, so the fishermen set sail to Al-Maaden (mineral) areas, which abound with oysters containing pearls.”
Once the deep dives begin, diving activities were divided over five days, with the first four days’ harvest going to the divers and the fifth day’s harvest going to the shipowner, he said.
Divers used a weight tied to one foot to help them descend to depths of 12 meters and more to extract pearls. The diver communicated with an assistant on the deck of the ship using a rope, which was also used to pull him back to the surface.
In return for this assistance, the diver allocated a portion of his harvest — known as “dangeel,” a net in which the oysters were collected — to the assistant as payment.
Diving would start following the fajr prayer, with work continuing until noon. Afterward, the crew would rest before beginning the “fulq” process, which involved opening the oysters, allowing each diver to inspect their daily harvest.
Referring to pearl sorting tools owned by pearl merchants at that time, Al-Rajhi said that merchants had copper sieves of various sizes, to sort large pearls from small varieties.
A pearl merchant, Suleiman Balaous, classified pearls according to size and weight. One variety, “Al-Dana,” meaning round, is distinguished by its large weight, bright luster, and absence of flaws.
Smaller varieties such as “Al-Mazouri,” “Al-Ansar,” and “Al-Badla,” have irregular shapes, while pearls harvested from the Farasan Islands are distinct from those in most pearl diving areas in terms of color and clarity, Al-Rajhi said.
The long months of pearl diving were associated with hardship, fatigue, and risk, and fishermen invented the folk songs of Al-Dana for entertainment. It has emerged as one of the oldest folk arts in Farasan, expressing the sailors’ longing during long absences searching for pearls.
The lucrative pearl trade in former centuries contributed to the formation of a wealthy class whose trade led them to market pearls in Gulf Arab countries, Europe, and particularly in India, which was a major pearl market.
Traders saw Eastern arts and inscriptions on buildings, which influenced their cultural and architectural ideas. They introduced these motifs to the Farasan Islands, where they were reflected in several wealthy individuals’ homes, particularly the two houses of Al-Rifai, one of which belongs to Ahmed Al-Munawar Al-Rifai and was completed in 1922, and the other belongs to Hussein bin Yahya Al-Rifai.
This also influenced the construction of the Najdi Mosque, which was completed in 1928 by Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Tamimi, popularly known as “Al-Najdi,” who worked in the pearl trade and was impressed by Eastern civilization due to his numerous travels to India.
Pearls played a major role in Farasan’s commercial and economic activity until the trade faded with the rise of agricultural and industrial pearls, becoming part of the islands’ heritage and ancient culture.
Experts explore architecture’s societal impact in Saudi Arabia’s Baha
Updated 27 October 2024
Arab News
RIYADH: The Architecture and Design Commission recently hosted a meeting in its Architecture and Design Cafe series which focused on the King Salman Charter for Architecture and Urbanism and its societal impact.
The event gathered experts to discuss architecture’s role in shaping communities and promoting well-being, reported the Saudi Press Agency.
Held at Al-Zitona Farm in Baha, the event aimed to enrich the community by sharing knowledge, exchanging experiences, and supporting national talents in architecture and design.
Discussions centered on the charter’s societal impact, emphasizing six core values: authenticity, continuity, human-centricity, livability, innovation, and sustainability.
Each value was explored for its relevance to design principles that architects and urban planners should uphold, the SPA added.
The series serves as a platform for knowledge-sharing among academics, specialists, practitioners and students in architecture and design.
Received by Governor of the Riyadh Region Prince Faisal bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz
Updated 27 October 2024
Arab News
RIYADH: The president of Senegal and the king of Bhutan arrived separately in Riyadh on Sunday evening, Saudi Press Agency reported.
President Bassirou Diomaye Faye and King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck arrived in the Kingdom’s capital ahead of the Future Investment Initiative forum which will take place from October 29 -31.
Artificial intelligence and new technologies will top the agenda when the FII holds its eighth conference, the CEO of the FII Institute Richard Attias told Arab News recently.
Frankly Speaking: What to expect from this year’s FII?
Richard Attias says Oct. 29-31 conference in Riyadh will focus on AI and tech, reflecting their growing influence across industries
Veteran events producer says Saudi Arabia’s strategic location has been key to the Future Investment Initiative’s success
Updated 27 October 2024
Arab News
DUBAI: Artificial intelligence and new technologies will top the agenda when the Future Investment Initiative (FII) holds its eighth conference in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, from Oct. 29 to 31, CEO of the FII Institute Richard Attias has said.
Dubbed “Davos in the Desert,” FII is a platform where global leaders, CEOs, entrepreneurs, and policymakers gather to shape the future of industries, governance, and humanity.
While the annual conference has historically drawn participants from the financial sector, Attias told the Arab News current affairs program “Frankly Speaking” this week that this year’s gathering marks a significant shift toward tech-driven industries.
“At the beginning of FII, the majority of our participants and delegates were coming from the financial sector, from sovereign wealth funds, private equities, and I would say the key ‘old economy’ industries,” said Attias.
“This year, we are extremely happy to see that we have more and more people coming from the tech industries, including AI, because AI is everywhere, and AI is now. And AI is disrupting almost all industries and all sectors.”
This focus on AI reflects broader global trends. With industries from healthcare to entertainment being transformed by new technologies, Attias says FII seeks to bring together tech innovators and established global players to explore the potential of these innovations.
“If you ask me what I want the legacy of the FI Institute to be, it is to be really an inclusive platform, a bridge between global CEOs from the traditional economies and young entrepreneurs,” he said.
Attias has developed and produced more than 2,000 events over a career spanning 30 years, including the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting at Davos, the Clinton Global Initiative, Nobel Laureates Conferences, the New York Forum, and the UNESCO NGO Forum.
When FII first got off the ground in 2017, it was met with skepticism in some quarters. Many questioned whether the world needed another forum for business and political leaders, and there were doubts about Saudi Arabia’s ability to pull off such an ambitious event.
However, FII has not only survived but thrived. In the past seven yers, the conference has facilitated deals worth $128 billion — an indication, perhaps, that FII is far more than just a networking opportunity.
“I don’t want to be too pretentious, but I think we don’t see any more skeptical people,” said Attias. “When people come back and come back every year, this is the answer. Because global CEOs don’t have time to lose. Time is money for them.”
He added: “People are coming back because they find great content, they are inspired, they realize that these platforms, such as FII, are calls to action. They also make deals. It’s not just about networking. It’s really making deals.”
Another indicator of its success is how it bounced back from the lockdowns and travel restrictions imposed on such events during the coronavirus pandemic.
“COVID-19 has proven that in-person meetings are absolutely crucial,” said Attias. “And despite the virtue of the hybrid formulas of conferences, people are coming back again and in even bigger numbers.”
Attias believes the choice of Saudi Arabia as the host country for FII has been integral to its success, with the Kingdom’s strategic location making it a natural meeting point for the world’s economic centers of gravity.
“Saudi Arabia is definitely a global hub today, and it is, I would say, a catalyst between north and south and west and east,” he said. “It is extremely well located if you look at the world map.”
Attias highlighted the forum’s role in fostering discussions between key global powers. “We see great conversations between Chinese and Americans,” which is significant given the complex geopolitical dynamics at play.
More than that, Attias views Saudi Arabia as a prime example of a nation that is investing and adopting innovation to power its economic transformation.
“Beyond FII, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is definitely now a place where global conversations are happening on multiple industries, on mining, on the future of aviation, on the future of logistics, on the future of technology, and so forth,” he said.
“You have an amazing program, a vision called Vision 2030. And if people read Vision 2030 very well, they understand that this country is in full transformation, creating amazing sectors, which are contributing to the diversification of the economy.
“And the Kingdom is moving from being an oil-producer economy to a very diverse economy. So all these platforms are becoming the global conversations on all these sectors which are supporting the diversification of the economy. And this is how Saudi leads.
“And people are very happy to come here. It reminds me of what happened in China 20-plus years ago when China moved from almost a country which was one single economy to an open global economy.”
With attendees flying into Riyadh from across the globe, FII appears to have emerged as a truly international platform.
“This year, despite the fact that for many people you need to become a member of the organization, of the FI Institute, we are approaching a number of 8,000 global CEOs, C-suites, entrepreneurs, and public figures,” said Attias.
This diverse representation ensures that the discussions at FII are rich with insights from various perspectives, industries, and regions. “It’s a real global conversation,” said Attias, with 30 percent of attendees coming from the US, 20 percent from Europe, and 20 percent from Asia.
One of FII’s most critical contributions to global development is its emphasis on sustainable investment. From renewable energy to healthcare and affordable housing, FII aims to encourage investments that have a lasting impact on humanity.
“The way you measure a long-term impact is how investment, for example, in sustainable developments are happening, in renewable energy, in sustainable agriculture, in green infrastructure,” said Attias.
The forum has pioneered a new ESG (environmental, social, and governance) framework, which Attias refers to as his ESG 2.0 framework. The new model is necessary because “the current one was not fair and was excluding emerging countries,” he said.
Attias believes the adoption of this new framework could unlock trillions in new investment for regions like Asia and Africa, helping to combat challenges like climate change and social inequality. “This has a direct impact on quality of life, which means impact on humanity,” he added.
FII’s influence is not confined to Riyadh. The initiative has expanded globally with satellite events in major cities like Miami, London, and Rio. Attias sees these events as essential to expanding FII’s global relevance.
“We decided to go also to our members’ regions, continents, and countries. This is why we will have an FII satellite event, what we call a FII priority summit, on each continent,” he said.
Attias believes FII is uniquely positioned to address some of the world’s most pressing issues. From inflation and climate change to digital transformation, the forum brings together “visionary thinkers, game changers, and innovators to discuss solutions,” he said.
Business leaders are particularly concerned about economic uncertainty, rising interest rates, and supply chain disruptions — issues that are top of mind for many attendees, said Attias.
But FII does not just focus on the challenges — it aims to inspire optimism. “People need to talk, people need to be inspired, people want to exchange ideas, and people want to be optimistic,” Attias said.
Indeed, he said the forum is committed to fostering collaboration and developing actionable solutions that can be implemented on a global scale.
“By having unexpected conversations, in total transparency, where people who are sometimes having separate visions, separate approaches, is helping to solve the problem,” said Attias. “And when people come with solutions and actions, definitely the question after is implementation.
“But we see more and more leaders now who are changing their mindset. They don’t want just to be visionary leaders or dreamers, to quote His Royal Highness, the Crown Prince (Mohammed bin Salman), he said this place is a place for dreamers and doers, talking about the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
“And I think this is what FII is about. FII is a global conversation where you see many dreamers who are doers.”
Despite the backdrop of ongoing conflicts in Gaza, Lebanon, and beyond, Attias says FII attendees remain focused on the positive role that investment and collaboration can play in creating stability.
“We saw that even last year, our conference was happening just after the dramatic Oct. 7, I would say, catastrophe,” he said. “I was expecting people to maybe pull out, not attend. It was the opposite, everybody came. And they wanted to have this conversation.”
He added: “They want to continue to be optimistic because they know that it’s only by building prosperity that you will bring peace. It’s only by investing in these regions that you will fight against terrorism. And it’s only by sending a message of optimism that you will show that our world is extremely resilient.
“And it’s also a message to politicians (that the) private sector will continue to do what we have to do for the benefit of our employees, for the benefit of our citizens, for the benefit of our countries.”
Attias remains confident the world will overcome its present challenges — as long as conversations like the annual FII event continue.
“Humanity is extremely resilient. Trust me,” he said. “We saw that after COVID-19, and this is why this global conversation is happening. I think ultimately, we will see the light at the end of the tunnel. I am convinced of that. And we will build and continue to build a sustainable world.”
Saudi international humanitarian law committee to take part in Geneva conference
Conference will host representatives from 194 international organizations, associations and other bodies
Updated 27 October 2024
Arab News
RIYADH: A delegation from Saudi Arabia’s committee on international humanitarian law will take part in the 34th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in Geneva from Oct. 28 to 31.
The conference will host representatives from 194 international organizations, associations and other bodies.
Leading the Saudi delegation will be Jalal Al-Owaisi, chairman of the committee, accompanied by Abdullah Al-Ruwaili, the committee’s secretary-general.
They will present an exhibition highlighting Saudi Arabia’s efforts and accomplishments in the implementation of international humanitarian law.
In addition to the exhibition, the committee will organize a symposium in collaboration with the national committees of Egypt and Qatar.
This event will focus on Arab initiatives aimed at promoting, implementing and disseminating international humanitarian law.
Through this engagement, the standing committee seeks to enhance international partnerships that promote the principles of international humanitarian law.
They aim to show Saudi Arabia’s contributions on global platforms and foster collaboration with various countries and humanitarian organizations involved in research in this field.
These initiatives have been instrumental in elevating awareness of international humanitarian law in both civil and military sectors in the Kingdom and among diverse segments of society.
The participation of the standing committee underscores Saudi Arabia’s commitment to international humanitarian principles and its role in addressing contemporary challenges through dialogue and cooperation.
By actively engaging in this conference, the committee aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on humanitarian law while reinforcing its dedication to global humanitarian efforts.
The committee was established by a cabinet decision in 2007 and includes representatives from more than 12 government agencies headed by the Red Crescent Authority, including the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of National Guard, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Economy and Planning, Ministry of Media, the General Intelligence Presidency, and the Human Rights Commission.