LONDON, 29 November 2004 — Britain was given a full outline of an illegal coup plot in a vital oil-rich African state, including the dates, details of arms shipments and key players, several months before the putsch was launched, according to confidential documents obtained by The Observer. But, despite Britain’s clear obligations under international law, UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, who was personally told of the plans at the end of January, failed to warn the government of Equatorial Guinea.
The revelations about the coup, led by former UK Special Forces (SAS) officer Simon Mann and allegedly funded in part by Sir Mark Thatcher, son of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, will put increasing pressure on the UK foreign secretary to make a full statement in Parliament about exactly what the UK government knew of the putsch and when they knew it. This weekend in a statement, the UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) said: “We do not comment on intelligence issues. But ministers and officials in the FCO acted promptly on receipt of relevant information.”
Last week, The Observer reported that Straw ordered a change to evacuation plans for British citizens in Equatorial Guinea after receiving news of the coup. Officials added that Straw and African Minister Chris Mullin were personally told of the plot on Jan. 30. In December 2003 and January 2004 two separate, highly detailed reports of the planned coup, from Johann Smith, a former commander in South African Special Forces, were sent to two senior officers in British intelligence and to a senior colleague of Donald Rumsfeld, the US defense secretary, according to the documents seen by The Observer.
The new claims raise questions about Straw’s recent parliamentary answers. In August officials flatly denied any prior knowledge of the plot, but earlier this month Straw was forced to admit that the UK government was informed in late January. On Nov. 17 he admitted his department had received “confidential information” on the plan, but played down its significance, saying in a parliamentary answer that the reports contained nothing that “significantly” added to rumors of a possible coup reported in the Spanish media.
However, the documents seen by The Observer gave names of many of the South African mercenaries involved in the coup who have now been sentenced for their roles. The January report warned: “These actions are planned to take place in mid-March 2004.” The alleged plotters were arrested on March 7 en route to Equatorial Guinea.
The reports passed to UK intelligence and marked “Strictly Confidential” concluded: “Knowing the individuals as well as I do, this timeline is very realistic and will provide for ample time to plan, mobile, equip and deploy the force.”
The revelations of Britain and America’s prior knowledge of the plan to topple the oppressive regime of President Teodoro Obiang raises questions about whether they ignored clear UN conventions designed to protect heads of state against violent overthrow. There have also been claims that Western governments were keen to see a regime change in the oil-rich state because it suited their strategic and commercial interests.
Smith last week gave a statement to lawyers acting for the government of Equatorial Guinea. He had been tipped off about the coup by two former military colleagues who were recruited to overthrow Obiang by Nick du Toit, a mercenary who was last week given a 34-year jail sentence for his role in the coup. In his statement, seen by The Observer, Smith said: “I considered it my duty to warn the authorities in the US and England because some of their nationals might be killed. I submitted a report in December 2003 of what I had discovered to Michael Westphal of the Pentagon (in Rumsfeld’s department). I expected the US government to take steps to warn Equatorial Guinea or to stop the coup. This was also my expectation as regards the British government which I warned through two SIS (Secret Intelligence Service, i.e. MI6) people I knew, and to whom I sent the report by email, also in December 2003 to their personal email addresses.”
In January Smith received more detailed information about the plot from former colleagues. He said: “After preparing and sending my December report I received further information ... and put this in a second report which I sent by e-mail to the same people as the first one: Michael Westphal of the US and British SIS contacts.’ Smith gave his statement after being detained in the state’s capital, Malabo, on the order of the country’s national security officer, and claims he has received death threats since the plot was thwarted. He also said there was no response from British or US authorities to his warnings: “The only thing that happened was that the US authorities froze the Equatorial Guinea money with the Riggs Bank in USA.”
Westphal, the Pentagon adviser who received Smith’s report, is one of Rumsfeld’s most trusted lieutenants. The former Marines officer is currently the Pentagon’s deputy assistant secretary of defense in charge of special operations and combating terrorism, and was previously responsible for African affairs.
