KUALA LUMPUR, 10 March 2008 — Malaysians awoke yesterday to a vastly altered political landscape after voters suddenly and unexpectedly questioned five decades of political status quo and decided it was time for a change.
Malaysians from across the country’s deep racial divide deserted the ruling coalition in droves at general elections, handing control of its north to Islamists and its industrial hub to leftists. The result from Saturday’s elections were still being counted, but the protest vote looked to hand an unprecedented five state assemblies to the opposition and cut the coalition’s majority in federal Parliament to a record low.
“It’s bad,” said a source close to Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, attributing the massive protest vote to a raft of concerns focusing on rising prices and religious tensions. “It’s a perfect storm.” The result has raised security fears: The last time the multiracial Barisan Nasional (National Front) suffered a big setback, in 1969, race riots and a state of emergency ensued. “The only other time this happened was in 1969 and that’s why everybody is very nervous now because of the uncertainty,” said Bridget Welsh, political analyst with Johns Hopkins University.
Malaysia’s streets were largely quiet, and political experts said they doubted there would be racial violence this time, noting that all of Malaysia’s major ethnic communities — Malays, Chinese and Indians — had deserted the government. In 1969, the majority Malay community had stayed loyal to Barisan while the Chinese backed the opposition, setting the stage for racial clashes. About 200 people were killed, according to the official tally, but unofficial estimates were much higher.
Barisan and the opposition both appealed for calm yesterday. But peace on the streets is unlikely to totally erase investor concerns as they survey the surprising new political landscape. “This is probably not good news for the equity market or the ringgit,” said Tim Condon, Singapore-based head of Asia research for investment bank ING.
Islamist party Parti Islam se-Malaysia (PAS), whose platform calls for stonings and amputations of Muslim thiefs and adulterers, looks set to win control of three northern states, stretching along Malaysia’s border with Thailand. PAS has already run Kelantan state, in the northeast, for 18 years and has banned gambling and hotels from serving alcohol. It claimed victory yesterday in the neighboring states of Kedah and Perak, the latter having a large population of Chinese. PAS leader Nik Aziz Nik Mat tried to broaden the party’s appeal in the election campaign — even nominating a non-Muslim candidate in one seat — but the predominantly Buddhist Chinese community has always held deep suspicions about it. Instead, the Chinese turned to the leftist Democratic Action Party (DAP), which won control of Prime Minister Abdullah’s home state of Penang, the hub for Malaysia’s electronics industry, which accounts for about half of the country’s exports.
Central Selangor state also tilted toward the opposition in counting yesterday, suggesting an unprecedented five state assemblies could fall to opposition parties. Abdullah spoke on Sunday as though none of this had happened, telling reporters he would go ahead and form the next government and giving no hint of his own future, which looks bleak. He has to survive his own internal party elections later this year. Abdullah held hands aloft with his deputy and most likely challenger, Najib Razak, in a hollow victory salute, but the real winner sounded like another ambitious Malay politician, Anwar Ibrahim, who heads the opposition Keadilan (Justice) party.
“This is a new dawn,” said Anwar, a former deputy prime minister who is styling himself as the one leader who can galvanize Malaysia’s ideologically divided opposition parties and appeal to all of the main ethnic communities. Unable to stand in Saturday’s polls because of his criminal record, he is expected soon to take over his old parliamentary seat from his wife, who kept it warm while he was in prison. “Tomorrow we will start building a brighter future,” he said.
