Now, at 45, he is back home with a new mission: to teach kids to look up from their blockaded, beaten-down surroundings and into the limitless beauty of the universe.
He has procured the first known telescope in Gaza, a donation from the International Astronomical Union, and plans to introduce astronomy in Gaza's three universities.
He also dreams of building an observatory and a geomagnetic research station.
It seems very ambitious for a territory that has been under lockdown by Israel and Egypt for nearly four years, but Baraka is stubbornly optimistic. In a region torn by political and religious conflict, he looks at what people have in common, not what sets them apart.
“There is a beautiful universe for everybody - no borders, no fences, no wall,” he said in an interview.
Baraka kept his faith even after he lost his 11-year-old son, Ibrahim, during Israel's war on Hamas more than a year ago.
Baraka was at Virginia Tech at the time, two months into a yearlong research grant from NASA and the National Science Foundation, while his wife and four children stayed behind in his hometown of Khan Younis in southern Gaza.
On Dec. 29, 2008, an Israeli warplane bombed the Baraka family home. Ibrahim was hospitalized in Egypt, his skull broken. Baraka flew to Egypt from the United States, praying. He cried at his son's bedside. Ibrahim never regained consciousness and died a week after the bombing - one of about 1,400 Palestinians killed in a three-week offensive aimed at ending years of rocket fire from Gaza on Israeli towns.
Baraka was barred from entering Gaza while the war was going on, and missed his son's funeral. With nowhere else to go, he flew back to the United States to complete his research year.
In October he returned to Gaza with a new mission, to get children excited about space and to honor his son's memory.
On the evening of March 12 he held his first “star party.” Wearing a NASA cap, he set up the telescope in the courtyard of his son's school in Khan Younis and attracted three dozen pupils, mostly boys but also a few girls in head scarves, and some parents and teachers.
A few adults demanded to know whether space science was compatible with Islam. Baraka won their trust by quoting from the Qur’an.
Then the children stepped up to the telescope.
“This is something beautiful,” said Abdullah Majaideh, 14, after gazing heavenward. “I never expected to look into the telescope and see the outside world.” Baraka said he was moved to tears.
Experiencing the vastness of space is a rare treat for Gazans who face barriers wherever they turn. The 360-square-kilometer (140-square-mile) strip is one of the world's most densely populated areas with 1.5 million people, sealed by fences, walls and the Israeli navy.
Contact with the outside world is sporadic. Baraka invited a retired NASA astronaut, Jeffrey Hoffman, and the head of International Astronomical Union, Bob Williams, to Gaza, but because of the uncertainties of entering the territory they limited their January visit to the West Bank, the other Palestinian territory.
Baraka's fascination with space began in middle school. He said he grew up in a family that treasured learning, even though his parents had little formal education. All but two of his siblings went to college.
After studying physics he went into politics, spent two years in an Israeli prison for belonging to a then-outlawed organization, the mainstream Fatah, and later held Palestinian government positions. But after peace efforts collapsed in 2000, he returned to academia.
He earned his master's in physics from Gaza's Islamic University, a doctorate from the Paris Institute of Astrophysics and, following a brief return to Gaza, was hired by Virginia Tech on a yearlong grant.
Baraka, his wife and three surviving children now live in a sparsely furnished apartment piled high with books, across the street from their flattened home.
He said he is not sure why the house was hit. His relatives had left the building for safety but Ibrahim and his grandmother were near the house when the bomb struck, he said.
He tries to pursue his research but misses the daily exchanges with his peers and faces frequent blockade-related power outages.
Baraka said his greatest satisfaction would be to inspire young people, including the university students in an astronomy class he hopes to teach next fall.
“I will show them the way,” he said, “as I have been shown the way before.
