French expert explores ornamentation as a cultural bridge in Jeddah lecture
Updated 01 March 2025
Afshan Aziz
Jeddah: Pierre Caye, head of the French Institute of Islamology, recently gave a lecture titled “Ornament at the Service of Cultural Dialogue” at Hayy Jameel in Jeddah.
The lecture was organized by the Alliance Francaise Saudi Arabia, in collaboration with the Consulate General of France and the French Research Centre of the Arabian Peninsula in Jeddah.
In his talk, Caye explored the role of ornamental art — from both Eastern and Western traditions — in bridging cultures and societies.
“Through ornamental art, which circulates quickly, fluidly, and in a very present manner, we witness a natural revival, one in which modern art connects with the past,” Caye told Arab News. “It is an incredibly stimulating and exciting process.
“Ornamentation is a universal form of art. From ancient times to today, it has been present across all cultures, both East and West. Ornament is found everywhere —whether in music, architecture, calligraphy, rhetoric, or decorative arts, even in religious and sacred arts,” he continued. “In fact, no artistic activity is exempt from ornamentation. It is a privileged means of dialogue between cultures.”
Caye also shared his admiration for Jeddah’s historical charm. “I was amazed by the restoration in Al-Balad. It was a perfect introduction to my lecture, an entry point that allowed me to explore my journey with wooden ornaments and the intricate wooden craftsmanship seen in Roshan windows,” he said.
Caye is also the director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, and has devoted much of his career to exploring the sources of European artistic and moral culture.
He has directed international research groups on topics including “Artistic knowledge and art treatises from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment,” and has published several books and articles on the subject.
His current role at the French Institute of Islamology allows him to continue exploring the intersection of art and culture.
During the lecture, an interesting exchange arose regarding the religious significance of ornamental art. Caye reflected on this dialogue, saying, “In Europe, religious art was traditionally associated with painting and grand works of art. But for Islam, ornamental art holds great religious importance. I was told that these patterns carry high religious significance; they serve as a way to connect with divinity, with infinity.
“This theological approach presents challenges for me. The link between art and theology is a complex issue, one that’s difficult to interpret, as these connections vary across religions and societies.”
Caye’s lecture provided insights into how ornamental art serves not only as aesthetic expression but also as a cultural and spiritual bridge between civilizations. He highlighted the rich, multifaceted nature of art and its profound ability to connect people across time, space, and belief systems.
Larry Lamartiniere, managing director of Alliance Francaise in Jeddah, said: “Pierre Caye was able to engage our audience in Jeddah on the cultural significance of ornamental art across societies. We are proud to welcome such esteemed experts in their field to Saudi Arabia for the first time.”
How Saudi forestry supports biodiversity and mitigates the effects of climate change
Despite its arid climate, Saudi Arabia is home to diverse forest types, from mountain woodlands to coastal mangroves
The Kingdom is expanding its green cover by planting millions of trees and restoring degraded forest areas
Updated 26 April 2025
Haifa Alshammari
RIYADH: It is easy to think of Saudi Arabia as a land dominated by endless dunes and sun-scorched plains. But beyond the sweeping deserts lies an unexpectedly rich tapestry of ecosystems — forests that climb mountains, shade winding valleys, and line the coastal edges of the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf.
While forests cover just 1.1 percent of the Kingdom’s landmass, they play an outsized role in preserving biodiversity, storing carbon, and improving food security. Their ecological importance — and their fragility — has placed them at the heart of Saudi Arabia’s green transformation.
“The forest area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is estimated to 2.7 million hectares, representing 1.1 percent of the Kingdom’s area,” Najeeb Alsubhi, head of the Valley Forests Department at the National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification, told Arab News.
“This includes mountain forests spread across the southern and southwestern parts of the Kingdom, distinguished by juniper trees, as well as the atam (wild olive) tree, in addition to groups of acacia trees.”
Mountain forests trace the high ridgelines from Taif down to Jazan, while valley forests — dotted with sidr and acacia — stretch through much of the country’s interior. Along the coastlines, clusters of mangroves thrive in tidal wetlands, providing critical habitat and natural coastal defenses.
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Despite their modest footprint, these forests are ecological powerhouses. Globally, forests are known to contribute more than 80 percent of biodiversity, regulate climate, limit desertification, and provide essential products from honey to medicinal plants.
In Saudi Arabia, they are also a buffer against desert creep and climate shocks — an increasingly vital role as the Kingdom confronts environmental challenges.
Among the plant species that are found in the Kingdom's valley forests are Acacia and Sidr trees. (NCVC photo)
To protect and expand this natural wealth, Saudi Arabia has launched a forest conservation and rehabilitation drive, led by the NCVC. The center is planting more than 3.5 million trees and working to protect native species by mapping and restoring perennial tree habitats.
Recognizing the growing threat of wildfires, the NCVC has also established dedicated forest and fire monitoring systems, alongside research centers and public education initiatives aimed at long-term forest sustainability.
Among the most significant of these efforts is a new project to assess the health and changes in forest cover across five key regions: Al-Bahah, Jazan, Asir, Najran, and Taif.
DID YOU KNOW?
• Saudi forests are home to 97 species of tree and cover 2.7 million hectares of the Kingdom’s territory.
• Healthy forests contribute more than 80 percent of the biodiversity found in the natural environment.
• Although predominantly desert, Saudi Arabia also has mountain forests, valley forests, and mangroves.
This initiative, part of the National Forest Inventory Program, is a collaboration between the NCVC and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. The project is designed to support sustainable forest management while meeting international environmental reporting obligations related to biodiversity, climate change, and land use.
Strategies include data collection, identifying key forest locations, and using precision tools like digital hypsometers to measure tree height and forest structure.
Strategies by NCVC to conserve plantation areas in Saudi Arabia included determining confinement points, collecting data, and using a digital hypsometer to measure the height of trees. (NCVC photo)
Together, these efforts reflect a growing awareness of the vital role Saudi Arabia’s forests play — not only as ecological assets but as symbols of renewal in a land long known for its arid extremes.
As the Kingdom pushes ahead with its broader climate and environmental goals, these green sanctuaries, hidden among the peaks and valleys, may prove to be among its most valuable treasures.
Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 enters final phase with strong momentum
Kingdom achieves 93 percent of key performance indicators — fully or partially — in nine years
Updated 26 April 2025
Nadin Hassan
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative has seen remarkable progress, with 93 percent of its key performance indicators either fully or partially met since its launch nine years ago, according to the latest official assessment.
The Vision 2030 program, which aims to diversify the economy, empower citizens, and foster a vibrant environment for both local and international investors, is evaluated through the performance of its Vision Realization Programs and national strategies.
These tools are central to the initiative’s execution and are assessed based on two main criteria: the advancement of initiatives and the performance of measurable indicators.
The latest annual report for 2024 reveals that of the 374 key performance indicators at the third level, 299 were fully achieved, with 257 of these surpassing their original targets. Another 49 indicators came close to full achievement, reaching between 85 and 99 percent of their goals.
Saudi Arabia's King Salman lays the foundation stone at the Qiddiya entertainment park near Riyadh on April 28, 2018. (SPA/File)
This progress demonstrates the effectiveness of long-term planning combined with strategic execution, contributing to transformative changes across the country. The success of Vision 2030’s Level-3 indicators indicates strong alignment between national planning and real-world implementation in various sectors.
Detailed metrics also capture tangible outcomes, such as increased hospital capacity, the rollout of digital services, and the issuance of tourism licenses. To ensure continued success, corrective actions are being taken to adjust both initiatives and performance metrics, with a focus on accelerating implementation and keeping the Vision’s objectives firmly within reach.
Strong delivery across initiatives
This performance aligns with strong delivery across Vision 2030’s portfolio of initiatives. As of 2024, 85 percent of all initiatives were either completed or progressing on track.
Out of 1,502 total initiatives launched under the Vision, 674 were completed and another 596 were advancing as scheduled.
This translates to an unusually high success rate for a transformation effort of this scale and complexity.
Saudi Arabia Formula One Grand Prix at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit on April 19, 2025. (AFP)
Each of these initiatives contributes to larger national priorities, ranging from housing and healthcare to digital innovation, clean energy, and cultural development.
Their successful implementation reflects years of investment in institutional capacity, coordination frameworks, and performance monitoring systems, much of which was built during the vision’s first and second phases.
A decade of economic reforms
These latest achievements are rooted in nearly a decade of groundwork, reforms, and phased rollouts that began in 2016 when Vision 2030 was first unveiled.
The first five years focused on stabilizing the macroeconomic base and introducing structural reforms, while the second phase emphasized scaling and acceleration.
The result is a development model that is now attracting international attention for its consistency and ambition.
The private sector’s role in the economy has also continued to expand. (AFP/File)
Between 2016 and 2024, Saudi Arabia undertook sweeping structural reforms to reduce its oil dependency, boost private sector engagement, and unlock new economic engines.
This included targeted policy interventions in tourism, logistics, mining, and tech — areas now becoming core drivers of non-oil growth.
The private sector’s role in the economy has also continued to expand, with its contribution to GDP reaching 47 percent in 2024, exceeding the year’s target of 46 percent.
In 2024, real non-oil GDP grew by 3.9 percent compared to 2023, driven by continued investment expansion in non-oil sectors, which saw a 4.3 percent increase in activity.
By the fourth quarter of 2024, the unemployment rate among Saudis dropped to 7 percent — meeting the Vision 2030 target six years ahead of schedule. This milestone marks an improvement from 12.3 percent at the end of 2016. At the same time, average annual inflation remained low at 1.7 percent, ranking among the lowest in G20 economies.
This is a result of the efforts made to achieve an economic policy that balances growth with healthy inflation rates.
Foreign direct investment inflows reached SR77.6 billion in 2024, signaling growing international confidence in the Saudi market.
Optimism in the non-oil private sector was also reflected in the Purchasing Managers’ Index, which stood at 58.1 in the fourth quarter of 2024. This was a result of developments throughout the year and was driven by an increase in new orders.
Global recognition
Global institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and World Bank have revised Saudi growth forecasts upward, and all three major credit rating agencies — Moody’s, Fitch, and S&P — affirmed the Kingdom’s sovereign strength with stable outlooks.
The Public Investment Fund has continued to play a central role in financing and driving large-scale development.
Its assets under management have reached SR3.53 trillion by the end of 2024 — more than tripled since the launch of Vision 2030 — exceeding their annual target.
The fund’s assets have made remarkable progress, growing by more than 390 percent from 2016 to 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 22 percent, exceeding its annual target. This increase is primarily attributed to the fund’s proactive investment strategy across various sectors.
Detailed metrics also capture tangible outcomes, such as increased hospital capacity, the rollout of digital services, and the issuance of tourism licenses. (SPA)
In parallel, the value of Saudi Arabia’s discovered mineral resources has soared to SR9.4 trillion, a 92 percent increase from 2016 estimates, which stood at SR4.9 trillion.
By the end of 2024, the number of achieved investment opportunities surged to 1,865, surpassing the year’s target of 1,197.
Globally, Saudi Arabia has improved its standing in multiple international benchmarks.
It now ranks 16th in the International Institute for Management Development’s World Competitiveness Index, up 20 places since 2017.
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The Kingdom has also made progress in digital governance, climbing 25 positions in the UN E-Government Development Index since 2016 to secure 6th place globally — bringing it within reach of its Vision 2030 goal to be among the top five nations.
These rankings highlight the Kingdom’s efforts to digitize services, modernize institutions, and improve public sector performance.
Social and sectoral progress
Social indicators have also advanced steadily. The homeownership rate climbed to 65.4 percent in 2024, exceeding the target of 64 percent for that year.
As part of the long-term goal to plant 10 billion trees, environmental programs have exceeded expectations. Around 115 million trees were planted as of 2024, while 188,000 hectares of degraded land were successfully rehabilitated.
The number of volunteers exceeded 1.2 million by the end of 2024, surpassing the 2030 target of 1 million.
Pilgrims arriving at Jeddah’s King Abdulaziz Airport for the annual Hajj. (AN photo by Nada Hameed)
The Kingdom’s expanded e-visa systems and upgraded infrastructure helped drive a historic rise in international pilgrim numbers.
Saudi Arabia recorded 16.92 million foreign Umrah pilgrims in 2024 — its highest ever, far exceeding the annual target of 11.3 million.
Adding to the momentum, Saudi Arabia is set to welcome the premier competition of the world’s most popular sport as the official host of the 2034 FIFA World Cup.
Looking ahead
Much of this progress was supported by the evolution of Vision Realization Programs, which were introduced in the early phase of Vision 2030 as medium-term delivery mechanisms.
Over time, these programs enhanced cross-government coordination, accelerated execution, and helped exceed multiple national targets.
Today, there are 10 VRPs operating across strategic sectors such as health, digital transformation, and tourism, as well as financial services and sustainability, each contributing to the delivery of Vision 2030’s core pillars of a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and an ambitious nation.
The next five years will be critical not only in achieving remaining goals but in sustaining the momentum well beyond the 2030 horizon. (SPA)
As the final stretch of Vision 2030 approaches, the Kingdom’s focus remains on institutional resilience, measurable outcomes, and global competitiveness.
While challenges remain in some areas, the combination of high delivery rates, adaptive governance, and strong financial management has positioned Saudi Arabia as a case study in long-term national transformation.
The next five years will be critical not only in achieving remaining goals but in sustaining the momentum well beyond the 2030 horizon.
The female-only wellness spaces in Riyadh that aim to empower women
Yoga, Pilates studios provide safe, calm environment
‘I have met some pretty incredible women,’ Australian customer says
Updated 25 April 2025
Rahaf Jambi
RIYADH: A number of female-only wellness spaces in Riyadh are aiming to provide empowering communities for women, driven by the desire for privacy and comfort.
Locations like gyms, pools and even some theme parks have created safe spaces exclusively for women on designated days.
This allows women to dress freely and engage in activities that foster a sense of community.
"Yoga by Sunset", a serene environment dedicated solely to women. (Supplied)
One such place is Sunsets Yoga, a serene studio environment dedicated solely to women.
It offers an array of classes and programs focused on health and wellness and also has an entertainment center where women can unwind and connect.
“Sunsets Yoga was born out of my passion for yoga and my deep desire to help people,” owner Wateen Al-Tuwaijri told Arab News.
Since moving to Saudi I have really noticed the benefits of going to a female-friendly Pilates studio. Not only is it comfortable but I feel confident in my own skin and body. The highlight for me has to be the networking. I have met some pretty incredible women who are not only inspiring but are like-minded.
Emma Shirley
“I opened this space because I believe in the transformative power of yoga — not just for the body, but for the mind and soul as well.
“My goal for Sunsets Yoga is to create a welcoming, peaceful environment where individuals can escape the stresses of daily life, reconnect with themselves and grow both physically and mentally.”
“Yoga is a universal tool for balance and I wanted to ensure that women here have access to a space where they can focus on their health and well-being without any barriers. (Supplied)
Al-Tuwaijri said it was “especially important” to have places in Riyadh that cater exclusively to women.
“Yoga is a universal tool for balance and I wanted to ensure that women here have access to a space where they can focus on their health and well-being without any barriers.
“It’s about supporting their journey of self-discovery and personal growth in a place where they can feel free, strong and inspired.”
The studio offered a range of regular, pre/post-natal and customized private training sessions. (Supplied)
Al-Tuwaijri said she wanted to build “a community that supports, encourages and nurtures” people.
Another prominent female-only space is the reformer Pilates studio Bdn in Al-Rayyan District.
“I’ve been practicing reformer Pilates for over 15 years now and swear by it,” owner Najd Al-Hatlani said.
Another prominent female-only space is "Bdn", a Pilates studio designed specifically for women. (Supplied)
“It has given me impeccable self-awareness regarding my body and how the smallest muscles move to support the larger ones … it has completely changed my perspective regarding all workouts.
She said she opened the studio to serve an untapped market in the east of Riyadh.
“Female-oriented spaces have always been part of our cultural heritage and experience. I think it’s important to continue to offer these safe haven spaces for women in order to maximize their well-being.
“As kind as many people want to be, we as women have shared far too many similar experiences through life which makes it comforting to be in the same room as that unspoken supportive energy.”
The studio offered a range of regular, pre/post-natal and customized private training sessions, Al-Hatlani said.
Emma Shirley, an Australia living in Riyadh, is a regular at Bdn.
“Since moving to Saudi I have really noticed the benefits of going to a female-friendly Pilates studio. My go-to Pilates studio in Riyadh is Bdn. I have been going there for a few months.
“Not only is it comfortable but I feel confident in my own skin and body. The highlight for me has to be the networking. I have met some pretty incredible women who are not only inspiring but are like-minded.”
Saudi Arabia takes part in European Economic Congress
The Saudi delegation met with the Poland’s deputy minister of Economic Development and Technology to discuss economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Poland
Updated 25 April 2025
SPA
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia participated in the 17th edition of the European Economic Congress, held in Katowice, Poland, from April 23-25.
The Saudi delegation consisted of Ambassador to Poland Saad bin Saleh Al-Saleh; Undersecretary of the Ministry of Investment for International Relations Sara Al-Sayed; Deputy Governor of the Saudi General Authority of Foreign Trade Abdulaziz Al-Sakran; and representatives from the Federation of Saudi Chambers of Commerce, specifically the Saudi-Polish Business Council.
The Saudi delegation met with the Poland’s deputy minister of Economic Development and Technology to discuss economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Poland and strategies to improve investment and trade exchange, as well as taking part in a dialogue session focused on the same topics and including a review of the economic transformations occurring in the Kingdom in light of Saudi Vision 2030.
The delegation also conducted meetings and workshops with several representatives from companies attending the congress to present investment opportunities in the Kingdom.
Royal body offers Saudi traditional bisht-making course
Wrth plays a leading role in promoting Saudi identity and cultural heritage, both locally and globally
Updated 25 April 2025
SPA
RIYADH: The Royal Institute of Traditional Arts, Wrth, has opened registration for the Al-Bisht Al-Hasawi Apprenticeship Program in Al-Ahsa governorate.
Al-Bisht Al-Hasawi — referring to the traditional male outer-garment dress made in Al-Ahsa — is a culturally significant craft in the Kingdom.
Participants will learn the fundamentals of the craft, including its history, tools, techniques, embroidery, sewing, and the traditional textile industry. (SPA)
The program spans three semesters and aims to equip participants with the knowledge and skills to revive, preserve, and promote this traditional art form.
Participants will learn the fundamentals of the craft, including its history, tools, techniques, embroidery, sewing, and the traditional textile industry.
Instruction will be delivered by seasoned artisans who have inherited and practiced the craft for generations.
Participants will learn the fundamentals of the craft, including its history, tools, techniques, embroidery, sewing, and the traditional textile industry. (SPA)
Following the successful first and second editions in 2023 and 2024, which trained 22 participants, the third edition will run from July 6 to Aug. 5, 2027.
This initiative is a part of Wrth’s broader effort to offer regular training programs that provide the skills and expertise required for specialized handicrafts.
Wrth plays a leading role in promoting Saudi identity and cultural heritage, both locally and globally.
It is committed to supporting emerging national talent, safeguarding intangible heritage, and fostering a deeper appreciation for traditional arts.
Registration is through Wrth’s website: https://wrth.edu.sa/programs/apprenticeship.
