JEDDAH: As millions of pilgrims prepare to perform Hajj, health experts are highlighting proper hydration as a critical factor in preventing heat-related illness and medical emergencies during the pilgrimage.
Dr. Adel Gamal said pilgrims should prepare for Hajj by maintaining regular fluid intake before and during the pilgrimage.
“Pilgrims should drink at least two to three liters of fluid per day. Water is the best option, though low-sugar juices such as lemon, orange and apple juice are also suitable,” he said.
He advised pilgrims to avoid prolonged sun exposure and stay in shaded areas whenever possible. “Some pilgrims avoid drinking enough fluids to reduce toilet visits, but they are advised to drink small amounts regularly throughout the day and not wait until they feel thirsty,” Gamal said.
He added that tea, coffee and sugary drinks should be limited because of their diuretic effect, and that hydration should be maintained evenly throughout the day.
“Good hydration is indicated by clear urine, alertness, the absence of dizziness, and moist lips and tongue,” Gamal said.
He warned that signs of dehydration should not be ignored, and that symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, general weakness, difficulty walking steadily and reduced urine output.
In severe cases, electrolyte imbalance can occur, leading to confusion, extreme weakness and disorientation, requiring immediate hospitalization.
Gamal added that pilgrims with conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease face a higher risk of complications if hydration and medication are improperly managed, and may experience fainting or severe weakness.
He urged pilgrims to prepare early for Hajj by drinking two to three liters of fluid daily, maintaining steady intake throughout the day, using umbrellas, resting in shaded areas and consuming fresh juices in moderation to reduce avoidable health risks.
Nutrition specialists also highlighted that hydration during Hajj not only concerns water intake, but also maintaining electrolyte balance and supporting the body through proper nutrition.
Clinical nutritionist Dr. Ghada Ahmad said: “During Hajj, the body loses fluids much faster than many people realize, especially due to heat, walking and crowding. Pilgrims should aim for steady hydration throughout the day rather than drinking large amounts at once.
“Water is essential, but natural sources of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium — which are lost through sweat — along with key vitamins that support energy and immunity, can help maintain balance.
“Small, frequent sips of fluid, alongside fruits such as watermelon, oranges and dates, are a practical way to support hydration without overloading the stomach,” Ahmad said.
On the operational side, service providers overseeing pilgrim camps said hydration infrastructure has improved significantly in recent years to ensure continuous access to safe drinking water.
Abdullah Ali bin Mahfouz, general manager of Abdullah Ali Bin Mahfouz Co. for Domestic Pilgrims Services, said: “We have an unlimited water supply available in our camps, kept refrigerated and distributed continuously throughout the day. Pilgrims do not need to worry about access.
“Our teams ensure cold drinking water is always available, and we encourage pilgrims to carry bottles with them while moving between sites. Staff regularly remind pilgrims to drink water even if they do not feel thirsty. The goal is to ensure every pilgrim remains safe, comfortable and able to complete their rituals without the risks associated with heat or dehydration.”
Authorities also encourage pilgrims to limit direct sun exposure, use umbrellas and plan movement during cooler hours of the day whenever possible.
