In another effort to win the trust of Afghans as a mass offensive continues against the Taleban in the south, the commander of US and NATO forces in Afghanistan went on national television Tuesday to apologize for an airstrike that killed civilians.
President Hamid Karzai signed a decree last week giving him the power to appoint all members of the Electoral Complaints Commission, a group previously dominated by UN appointees that uncovered massive fraud on behalf of Karzai in last year's presidential election.
The decree, which was made public Monday, suggests that Karzai wants to tighten control of the electoral process ahead of parliamentary balloting next September. The election was due in May but was postponed because foreign donors would not help pay for it without reforms.
“This is bad news for democracy,” said Gerard Russell, a former UN political adviser who resigned over disputes surrounding the August presidential election. “Basically if President Karzai wishes it, this could prevent free elections ever being held in Afghanistan.”
Western diplomats based in Kabul expressed similar concerns but would not allow their names to be published because they were not authorized to speak about the issue to the media.
Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon said Canada is troubled by reports that the decree could diminish the level of independence of the Electoral Complaints Commission.
He called the commission vital and noted that during the most recent election, the ECC, led by Canadian Grant Kippen, played a crucial role in efforts to have a credible election.
Following the fraud-marred August elections, the US and other international partners pressed Karzai into promising to root out corruption and institute electoral reforms.
The chaotic balloting exposed the corruption underlying Afghan politics, prompting critics in the US and other NATO countries to question whether Karzai could be a reliable partner in the fight against the Taleban.
Government corruption is often cited as a major reason many Afghans have turned to the Taleban.
Karzai has taken some steps toward combating corruption, including requiring that all senior government officials to register their assets. But diplomats fear the election law amendment represents a step backward.
The amendment gives the president the authority to appoint all five members of the complaints commission in consultation with parliamentary leaders and the head of the Supreme Court, according to a copy of the decree obtained by the Associated Press.
Previously, the United Nations appointed the chairman and two other commissioners. The Afghan human rights commission and the Supreme Court named one commissioner each.
A Karzai spokesman said the changes were made because foreigners had too much control over the last election.
“The international members had large salaries and didn't care about Afghanistan's national interest,” Syamak Herawi said. “Now there won't be any interference. The foreigners can be observers.”
Herawi said the commission will still be independent because Karzai must consult with others.
The top UN official in Afghanistan, Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide, met with Karzai earlier in the month and tried to persuade him to leave the UN appointees in place, according to three Western diplomats familiar with the discussions. They spoke anonymously because the conversations were meant to be private.
Eide then tried to get Karzai to agree either to select commissioners seen as independent, name them from a UN-approved list, or agree to appoint at least two international commissioners, the diplomats said.
One diplomat said that negotiations were continuing in an attempt to get Karzai to appoint some Westerners or independent Afghans.
UN spokesman Dan McNorton declined to comment specifically on the appointments, saying that the world body is still studying the decree. The UN, the United States and Britain all released general statements saying that they supported reforms that make Afghanistan's electoral process fairer, and did not directly address the criticism of the decree.
Afghanistan's election commission declared Karzai the winner of the Aug. 20 balloting, but the separate complaints commission threw out nearly a third of his votes, forcing him into a runoff with his chief rival Abdullah Abdullah. It took a flurry of high-level diplomatic visits and intense international pressure for Karzai to accept that he had not won the election in the first round.
But the runoff was eventually called off after Abdullah dropped out, saying he was not confident the second vote would be any fairer than the first.
Diplomats are concerned that the complaints body, which is supposed to prevent political interference in elections, will be unable to fulfill that role if its members are also presidential appointees.
Grant Kippen, who ran the complaints commission last year, said the Karzai-appointed election body should have been “much more aggressive and responsible” in combating fraud.
“We did the job we were asked to do, but I don't think others stepped up to the podium the way that they should have,” Kippen said.
An Afghan election watchdog group was carefully critical of the amendment.
“It's ideal to have all institutions in charge of elections in Afghanistan nationalized,” said Nader Nadery, the head of the Free and Fair Elections Foundation of Afghanistan. “We are not fully confident that this institution would remain independent,” referring to the complaints commission.
Questions about the future of Afghan democracy have emerged as about 15,000 NATO and Afghan troops are in a massive offensive against Taleban strongholds in the south.
One of the main goals is to establish honest and efficient local administrations there to lure residents away from the insurgents.
Gen. Stanley McChrystal made a rare televised appearance Tuesday in an effort to regain Afghans' trust two days after an airstrike in central Uruzgan province killed at least 21 people, according to Afghan officials. A video of the apology was posted on a NATO website and broadcast by state television in the main Afghan languages, Dari and Pashto.
“I pledge to strengthen our efforts to regain your trust to build a brighter future for all Afghans,” McChrystal said in the video. “I have instituted a thorough investigation to prevent this from happening again.”
At least 923 US service members have died in Afghanistan and neighboring Pakistan and Uzbekistan since the war began in 2001, according to an Associated Press count. The figure does not include Americans who died in countries outside the region in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.
