The sheer breadth of the attacks was a blow after recent victories against insurgents and demonstrated the militants' resilience. Officials blamed Al-Qaeda in Iraq linked violence that stretched from the volatile north to the normally peaceful Shiite south to a political vacuum in the country. It is not clear who will control the next Iraqi government even though more than two months have passed since the inconclusive March 7 elections.
Brig. Gen. Ralph Baker, a former Pentagon counter-terror expert who now oversees US military operations in eastern Baghdad, said the complexity of the attacks indicates they were all coordinated.
"Given the timing of the attacks in Baghdad and Anbar, coupled with the activities up north and south, I think you can very clearly say it was a coordinated effort," he told The Associated Press, noting that the main targets were Iraqi security forces and Shiite civilians. "Clearly two target sites that are popular with Al-Qaeda. They're still trying to show they can re-ignite the cycle of sectarian violence," he added.
Most of the victims of Monday's violence were in two Shiite cities -- Hillah and Basra -- adding to concerns about a resurgence of the Sunni-Shiite sectarian warfare that peaked in 2006 and 2007.
Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki's Shiite bloc has tried to squeeze out election front-runner Ayad Allawi -- a secular Shiite who was heavily backed by Sunnis - by forging an alliance last week with another religious Shiite coalition.
The union, which is just four seats short of a majority in parliament, will likely lead to four more years of a government dominated by Shiites, much like the current one.
Sunni anger at Shiite domination of successive governments since Saddam's 2003 ouster was a key reason behind the insurgency that sparked sectarian warfare three years later. If Allawi is perceived as not getting his fair share of power, that could outrage the Sunnis who supported him and possibly create more sympathy for militants.
The bloody insurgent strikes against 10 cities and towns also threw into doubt whether Iraqi security forces can protect the country as the US prepares to withdraw half of its remaining 92,000 troops in Iraq over the next four months.
"The security forces were doing their job, but lapses happen occasionally and then you can't stop a suicide bomber or anything else," said Deputy Interior Minister Maj. Gen. Hussein Ali Kamal.
Officials were quick to blame insurgents linked to Al-Qaeda in Iraq for the attacks, saying the militants were redoubling efforts to destabilize the country at a time of political uncertainty.
"It is a message from those who convened recently in Syria and their allies to say that we can stage such attacks," said Kamal, referring to members of Saddam Hussein's former ruling party in Syria and their Al-Qaeda allies.
The worst attacks took place just south of Baghdad in Hillah, where at least 50 people died after a pair of car bombs exploded at a factory, luring over rescuers and onlookers, many of whom were then killed by a suicide bomber.
Police are investigating the 40 guards at the factory for any connections to the attack, said police spokesman Maj.
Muthana Khalid, adding that his forces were conducting house-to-house searches across the Sunni-dominated agricultural areas in the north of the province.
Gov. Salman Nasser Al-Zargani told state TV Monday that there had been threats against the factory -- which was rebuilt with US funds -- but there were too many "security gaps" to address all their areas of weakness.
Hillah has been the site of horrific bombings in the past, including blasts in 2007 that killed at least 120 people.
The north of the province is mixed between Sunnis and Shiites and was once the scene of bloody sectarian fighting.
After Hillah, Basra was the hardest hit, with the morgue reporting a total of 30 people dying in three bombings.
Basra, Iraq's second largest city, has been peaceful since Iraqi and US forces routed Iranian-backed militias in 2008. Even then, however, it rarely witnessed the massive car bomb attacks favored by groups like Al-Qaeda in Iraq, possibly indicating a longer reach for these groups than in the past.
"I was surprised to see that down in Basra," said Baker of the US military. "We very seldom see that kind of activity in Basra." The provincial council ordered flags lowered at half-mast and a three-day mourning period, said council head Jabar Amin. He added that since the early morning there has been a boosted police and military presence around the city.
Meanwhile dozens of funeral convoys poured into the holy city of Najaf, where Shiites prefer to bury their dead near the shrine of Imam Ali, the sect's most revered martyr.
Relatives carried the coffins containing the victims of the bombings in Baghdad, Basra, Hillah and elsewhere into the shrine for one last blessing before taking them to vast graveyard.
Security around the shrine and cemetery was also high.
