Mohamed Mahmood Alessa, 20, and Carlos Eduardo Almonte, 24, were arrested Saturday night at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport as they prepared to fly to Egypt and then to Somalia, authorities said. They are charged with conspiring to kill, maim and kidnap persons outside the United States by joining Al-Shabab, a group designated by the US in 2008 as a terrorist organization.
Their preparations apparently were far from sophisticated.
They lifted weights, bought military-style pants, tried paintball, played violent video games and watched terrorist videos online, authorities said. The only weapons they possessed were two folding knives.
"Sophistication is not a measure of danger," US Attorney Paul Fishman said. "Their intentions were described pretty clearly. They were watching certain videos and interested in what certain people were saying and advocating." The men had no contact with Somali terrorists, according to officials and court documents, and their planned trip to Somalia amounted to a leap of faith that they'd be accepted by a terrorist group. Fishman would not say Monday whether they had made any actual contacts with Al-Shabab.
Alessa and Almonte appeared before US Magistrate Judge Madeline Cox Arleo on Monday with their hands and feet shackled. Both are Muslim and sported dark curly hair and beards. Alessa had several cuts and bruises on his forehead.
Both men spoke only to affirm that they understood the charge against them. Two of Alessa's family members and court-appointed attorneys for both men declined to comment after the hearing.
Alessa and Almonte will be held without bail pending a detention hearing on Thursday. If convicted, they could face life in prison.
Alessa was born in the United States and is of Palestinian descent. Almonte is a naturalized US citizen who was born in the Dominican Republic.
Investigators say the men intended to head to Somalia to seek terror training from Al-Qaeda-affiliated jihadists and to unleash attacks against fellow Americans.
They had no known connections to terrorist groups, and their planned trip to Somalia apparently amounted to a leap of faith that they would be embraced by the jihadists.
Fishman would not say Monday whether they had made any actual contacts with Al-Shabab.
A senior US counterterrorism official said the yearlong undercover probe gave investigators a firsthand glimpse at the radicalization process. Investigators are always interested in where would-be terrorists draw their inspiration and how they hatch their plots, but they have to rely on recreations of that process when they swoop in after attacks such as the failed Times Square and Christmas Day bombings.
Though the two men discussed attacking US troops, the investigation revealed no immediate threats to soldiers, since the US has no permanent military presence in Somalia.
Younus Mohammad, a 31-year-old from Brooklyn who attended Monday's hearing, said he knew of Alessa and Almonte from northern New Jersey's Arab-American community and considered them fervent but relatively harmless.
"These were just young, zealous kids who had zeal because they perceived their religion is under attack in America and they spoke out," he said. "I think they were just wild-eyed, with aims that would have been impossible to carry out." Law enforcement became aware of the men in 2006, when the FBI received an anonymous tip through its website, and some unidentified family members cooperated with investigators, according to a criminal complaint.
In March 2007, the FBI conducted a consensual search of Almonte's computer, revealing documents advocating jihad against the perceived enemies of Islam, court papers show.
An undercover officer met the men last year and began recording conversations in which the two spoke about jihad against Americans, investigators said in court papers.
Fishman didn't provide details of how the men were arrested except to say that both resisted and that passengers on the planes were not endangered.
The men had traveled to Jordan three years ago and tried to get into Iraq, only to be rejected by jihadists, New York Police Commissioner Ray Kelly said on Sunday.
Officials said the two were not planning an imminent attack in the New York-New Jersey area.
Somalia, an impoverished East African nation of about 10 million people, has not had a functioning government for more than a decade, although the US is backing a transitional government there. The Pentagon's top commander in the region has included Somalia on a list of countries where clandestine American military operations designed to disrupt militant groups would be targeted.
Almonte told the undercover officer in April that there would soon be American troops in Somalia, which he allegedly said was good because it would not be as gratifying to kill only Africans.
Over the past year, a number of Somali youths have traveled from the US back to Somalia to fight with Al-Shabab insurgents. Meanwhile, battle-hardened Al-Qaeda insurgents have moved out of safe havens along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border into Somalia, where vast ungoverned spaces allow them to train and mobilize recruits without interference.
Authorities have been working with Somalis in the US to stem the radicalization of young people who are being recruited to join the terror fight.
