Dogs with pushed-back faces such as English bulldogs and pugs accounted for roughly half the purebred dog deaths on airlines in the past five years, the Transportation Department disclosed Friday.
Overall, at least 122 dog deaths have been reported since May 2005, when US airlines were required to start disclosing them, the department says. The dogs died while being shipped as cargo.
English bulldogs accounted for 25 of the deaths, the single highest number among the 108 purebreds on the list.
Pugs were next, with 11 deaths; followed by golden retrievers and labradors, with seven deaths each; French bulldogs, with six; and American Staffordshire terriers, four. Boxers, cockapoos, Pekingese and Pomeranians each accounted for two deaths.
Owners should consult with veterinarians before putting their dogs on planes, the department said. It believes the deaths represent a tiny percentage of the pets shipped on airlines. The department said mixed breeds accounted for four airline deaths and a dozen dogs who died were of unknown breed.
Short-nosed breeds — known as "brachycephalic" in the dog world — have a skull formation that affects their airways, said Dan Bandy of Shawnee, Oklahoma, chairman of the Bulldog Club of America's health committee.
"The way all dogs cool themselves is basically through respiration, either just panting or the action of breathing in or out, is a method of heat exchange for them," Bandy said. "A dog that has a long snout or a long muzzle has more surface area within its nasal cavity for that heat exchange to take place. So breeds like labradors or collies or those types of dogs with the long muzzles have a more efficient cooling system." Brachycephalic breeds tend to be heat-intolerant in general, Bandy said. They pretty much have the same amount of tissue and structures within their skulls as long-nosed dogs, but it's compressed, and that can contribute to encroachment on their airways, he said.
Sonny Seiler of Savannah, Georgia, who owns the University of Georgia's mascot, Uga the English bulldog, said people who fly English bulldogs are taking a risk. Seiler said that's why he takes precautions. Over the years, seven bulldogs have been the university's mascot, and Seiler said that before each Uga is a year old, he has a procedure done at the veterinary school to enlarge the dog's airways.
"They go into the nasal passage and clip muscles and tissue and in essence, what they do is they make a bigger air passage," Seiler said. "It's a quick procedure, and once you have it done it really eliminates a lot of the problems with the breathing." "It's just business as usual with us," Seiler said of Uga's air travel. "He goes with the team." Uga routinely flies to the football team's away games, often in the team's charter plane or the university's smaller plane, and is in the cabin or an air-conditioned cargo hold, said Seiler.
The bulldog club's Bandy said that in addition to trying to cool themselves, dogs may also pant excessively in the cargo hold due to stress or excitement.
Bandy said he has flown one puppy and one adult dog before, both in early spring with no issues. He advises against shipping dogs during hot months, and says owners should make sure the cargo hold is climate-controlled. If dogs are easily stressed or not well-socialized, they are probably not good candidates for air travel, Bandy added.
Dogs shouldn't be given tranquilizers before flying, both because airlines do not want them tranquilized and because they would be less able to manage their own cooling process, he said.
In all, 144 pet deaths were reported by airlines over the past five years, along with 55 injuries and 33 lost pets.
