SABIC made a net profit of SR5.24 billion ($1.40 billion) for the three months to end December, compared with SR5.81 billion in the same period a year earlier.
Analysts surveyed by Reuters expected the firm to post, on average, a net profit of SR7.1 billion for the second quarter.
The bellwether Middle East conglomerate, which supplies chemicals, industrial polymers, fertilizers and metals globally, had posted record profits in the second and third quarters last year.
"The economic situation in Q4 impacted but we started to see an improvement in prices and we hope it improves further," Chief Executive Mohamed Al-Mady told reporters. "My prediction is that 2012 will be a mirror image of 2011 and that 2013 will be even better."
Al-Mady said fourth quarter sales rose to SR47 billion, from SR40.8 billion in the prior-year quarter. On the year, SABIC had sales of SR190 billion, up from SR151 billion in 2010.
Over the past year, several SABIC subsidiaries have brought on stream new production lines, increasing the company's sales volumes at a time of high chemical prices.
Strong oil prices last year also enhanced the comparative advantage enjoyed by Saudi chemical producers, which typically use gas feedstock, over their global rivals which buy naphtha at prices linked to crude.
However, the sector's dependence on highly cyclical machinery makers, carmakers and builders makes SABIC, which is 70 percent state owned, particularly vulnerable to an economic downturn.
In November SABIC said it was setting up a venture capital arm, based in the Netherlands, to expand beyond petrochemicals into innovative technology companies.
SABIC shares closed 2.1 percent lower on the Saudi Arabian bourse ahead of the results.
