Heatstroke can develop in people during vigorous physical activity or when working in a poorly ventilated, humid environment. It also can occur during times of intense heat waves (particularly in the elderly) that live in buildings with no air conditioning or poor ventilation. Heatstroke may also develop in children who are left unattended in a locked car on a hot day.
Victims of heatstroke usually exhibit hot, dry, flushed skin because their sweating mechanism is no longer working. In the early stages of heatstroke, the victim may be sweating profusely and have moist skin. The body temperature rises rapidly and can reach 41C or more in victims with heatstroke. Victims may experience a change in behavior and become unresponsive very quickly. Recovery from heatstroke depends on the speed with which treatment is administered, so you must be able to identify this condition rapidly. Emergency treatment is focused on lowering the body temperature down by any means available.
Treatment for heatstroke includes:
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• Remove the victim from the hot environment and into a cool area
• Remove the patient’s clothing, while shielding them from public exposure, and then elevate their feet
• Cover the victim with wet towels or spray the victim with cool water and fan
• If the victim is conscious you may give water or a commercial sports drink without caffeine
• Continue efforts to cool the victim until the ambulance arrives
Acting quickly can mean the difference between life and death. The best treatment for heatstroke is prevention. Remember to stay hydrated if you are outside for an extended period of time. Keep young children out of direct sunlight and keep plenty of water around for them to drink. Elderly persons should be checked on regularly during times of increased temperature to ensure they are cool and comfortable. Dress in light clothing that allows sweat to be dissipated from your body. A few simple steps can prevent the development of heatstroke. Attend a first aid class and learn more about helping others in need.
Kenneth D’Alessandro is EMS Program Adviser at the office of the Director General of EMS Administration, Saudi Red
Crescent Authority.
[email protected]
