The Commerce Department said Friday that businesses trimmed stockpiles by 0.2 percent in December, a weaker performance than the 0.2 percent gain that economists had expected. Total business sales rose 0.9 percent in December following a 2.4 percent increase in November.
The hope is that further gains in sales will convince businesses to make sustained increases in their inventories, a development that would boost factory production and help support a recovery from the deepest recession since the 1930s.
Businesses increased inventories by 0.5 percent in November and 0.3 percent in October, two monthly gains that followed 13 consecutive declines in inventories as companies struggled to control costs during the recession by trimming their stockpiles.
It was this slowdown in the pace of inventory reductions that contributed nearly two-thirds of the growth in the overall economy in the fourth quarter as measured by the gross domestic product.
The GDP shot up at an annual rate of 5.7 percent in the October-December period, the strongest showing in six years. The concern is that the boost from inventories will be temporary and GDP will slow significantly in coming quarters if consumer demand falters in the face of still-high unemployment.
For December, the 0.2 percent decline in total inventories reflected a 0.1 percent drop in inventories held by manufacturers and a 0.8 percent decline in inventories held by wholesalers. Retail inventories were unchanged during the month.
Wholesalers hold 25 percent of all inventories with factories holding about one-third and retailers holding the rest.
The 0.9 percent sales gain in December reflected a 1.9 percent jump in sales by manufacturers and a 0.8 percent rise in sales by wholesalers with sales at the retail level falling by 0.1 percent.
A separate report Friday showed that retail sales posted a better-than-expected increase in January, a welcome development that could mean stronger US economic growth in coming months.
The Commerce Department said Friday that retail sales increased by 0.5 percent last month, the best showing since November and better than the 0.3 percent increase economists had expected.
Excluding autos, sales posted a 0.6 percent reading, also better than expected, with strength coming from a surge at general merchandise stores, a category that includes big national chains such as those owned by Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
Strength in consumer spending is important because it accounts for 70 percent of economic activity. Economists are worried that the spending gains since last summer could falter given the tough times facing many US households and that weakness could derail the fledgling recovery.
Economists said that the slightly stronger sales performance in January was a good sign but they still worried that activity could slump in coming months given all the problems facing households.
“We expect that lingering high unemployment, weak income growth, low confidence, tight credit conditions and the continuing need to deleverage will constrain consumption growth for at least this year and possibly well beyond,” said Paul Ashworth, senior US economist at Capital Economics.
The overall economy grew at an annual rate of 5.7 percent in the October-December period, the best showing in six years, but the concern is that this growth could slow considerably in coming months as the impact of the government's stimulus programs begins to fade and unemployment remains stubbornly high.
In its annual economic report to Congress, the Obama administration on Thursday forecast that the economy would average 95,900 new jobs per month this year, not enough to make a significant dent in an unemployment rate that now stands at 9.7 percent. The administration's economists also forecast that Americans' personal savings would remain high as credit remains tight, another development likely to weigh on spending.
The 0.5 percent increase in retail sales in January followed a 0.1 percent decline in December, a figure that was revised up from an initial report that sales had fallen 0.3 percent during the month. The latest reading was the best showing since sales had surged by 2 percent in November.
Sales at auto dealerships were flat in January following a 0.1 percent rise in December. Activity last month was hurt by a series of safety recalls at Toyota.
The 0.6 percent increase in retail sales excluding autos followed a 0.2 percent drop in this category in December.
The strength in January was led by a 1.5 percent jump in sales at general merchandise stores, the biggest one-month jump in this category since February 2009.
Sales at specialty clothing stores rose by 0.3 percent while sales at gasoline stations were up 0.4 percent.
Other stores experiencing increases in January were sporting goods stores, restaurants and bars and nonstore retailers, the category that covers Internet shopping.
Retailers seeing declines during the month included furniture stores, where sales fell by 1.4 percent, and hardware stores, with a drop of 1.2 percent.
