The protest by some 5,000 people paralyzed the center of the capital and was a blow for Berlusconi, who has repeatedly presented his hands-on response to the April 2009 quake as one of the main successes of his two-year-old government.
At least one person was injured as police in riot gear tried to control the crowd, which later was allowed to get closer to Berlusconi's office.
Residents of L'Aquila, where more than 300 people were killed in the disaster, complain about the slow reconstruction of their medieval city and want the government to extend tax exemptions for the victims.
Berlusconi, who has built his political career as Italy's "Mr Fix It," often boasts on television that new houses in the devastated city were built in record time.
He hosted last year's G8 summit in L'Aquila in a show of solidarity for the victims.
But residents say that after an initial flurry of headline-grabbing initiatives many have been left to fend for themselves as reconstruction money ran out.
"The "House Project" is a joke. Only a few people were given new homes. The rest of us are still in the same situation. There are no projects to rebuild the historic center. L'Aquila is a dead city and we have been forgotten," said one demonstrtor.
Pierluigi Bersani, the head of the largest opposition party, and former anti-graft magistrate Antonio Di Pietro, who now heads a smaller opposition party, came out of parliament to show their solidarity with the protesters.
The demonstrators also fear that a coming government austerity budget aimed at reducing the deficit will be a double blow to them because it will further cut funds to Italy's regions.
"We lost everything and they took us for a ride," another demonstrator shouted.
