How a newly classified species of snake was discovered in Saudi Arabia’s ancient AlUla oasis

Special How a newly classified species of snake was discovered in Saudi Arabia’s ancient AlUla oasis
The newly-discovered Rhynchocalamus hejazicus snake in AlUla. (RCU)
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Updated 03 August 2024
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How a newly classified species of snake was discovered in Saudi Arabia’s ancient AlUla oasis

How a newly classified species of snake was discovered in Saudi Arabia’s ancient AlUla oasis
  • The vibrant reptile is completely new to science, underscoring the rich biodiversity of AlUla and the value of conservation efforts
  • Its discovery is viewed as pivotal for understanding the ecological dynamics of the region and the adaptive strategies of desert wildlife

DHAHRAN: Scientists working in northwestern Saudi Arabia’s ancient oasis of AlUla were thrilled earlier this year to discover a new species of snake. With its striking red hue and chic black collar, the reptile is perfectly adapted to camouflage against the sand and rock of the Hejaz.

Laszlo Patko, who for the past two years has worked as the applied research lead at the Royal Commission for AlUla, inventorying the biodiversity of the region, was part of the team that discovered the charismatic new and non-venomous species.

“The snake species, Rhynchocalamus hejazicus, is not just new to the region or the country — it’s new to science,” the Hungarian academic told Arab News.

Institutions involved with the discovery include the RCU, the University of Ha’il, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, and the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve Development Authority.

These Saudi institutions worked alongside experts from Portugal’s Universidade do Porto, Egypt’s Suez University, Yemen’s University of Aden, and Malaysia’s Natural History Collective Ventures.

Together with his Saudi, Czech, and Portuguese colleagues, Patko compiled the findings into a paper. Within just a matter of months, it was published in the prestigious international, peer-reviewed life science journal Zoosystematics and Evolution.




Laszlo Patko, Applied Research lead at the Royal Commission for AlUla. (RCU)

It was very, very quick, because it was a thorough, high-quality paper with substantial scientific results,” said Patko. “It was quickly accepted and published.

“For me, that was the real happiness to see that it’s not just an important discovery for us, but for the entire international scientific community.”

The published paper describes the new species as “a small, secretive snake, with distinctive coloration and a melanistic morph. The new species occurs in the northwestern Hejaz region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and fills a large part of the existing distribution gap of the genus in the Arabian Peninsula.”

Stephen Browne, vice president of wildlife and natural heritage at the RCU, said the unearthing of this new species demonstrated the vital importance of the Kingdom’s conservation efforts.

“This discovery is not merely about cataloging a new species; it reflects the ongoing commitment to safeguarding the lush, diverse ecosystems of AlUla,” Browne said in a statement. “It’s a symbol of our dedication to preserving this unique oasis.

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A spokesperson for the RCU concurred there was clearly still much to learn about the adaptability of desert animals.

“This find is pivotal for understanding the ecological dynamics of the region and the adaptive strategies of its desert wildlife, enhancing AlUla’s reputation as a sanctuary for both historical and natural treasures,” the spokesperson said in a statement.

The project that led to the snake’s discovery began with a region-wide wildlife inventory, which kicked off in November 2022, centered around documenting the area’s biodiversity.




With its striking red hue and chic black collar, the reptile is perfectly adapted to camouflage against the sand and rock of the Hejaz. (RCU)

“We never had this kind of rigorous, scientific knowledge-gathering before,” said Patko. “In the framework of this project, we ‘accidentally’ found this new species.

“It was an accident in the sense that we thoroughly surveyed all our nature reserves and described all the species we could find. We knew some species existed in the reserve but didn’t know their exact numbers or locations.”

Scientists had an inkling that the region could be home to new species. Between 2017 and 2022, geckos and snakes had been observed in the area, but had never been collected and rigorously described. The inventory offered the perfect opportunity to fill in these blanks.

In 2023, the team dedicated their time in the desert to observing animals based on morphology, including the study of their external characteristics, color, scale pattern, and DNA.

DID YOUKNOW?

• Roughly half of AlUla’s territory is taken up by six nature reserves, including the Sharaan Nature Reserve, which spans 1,500 sq. km.

• These reserves are home to more than 1,580 animals from four species that have been successfully reintroduced to the region.

• Through habitat restoration, native species reintroduction, and sustainable practices, AlUla aims to create thriving and harmonious ecosystems.

“Of course, there are occasional ad hoc observations, but if you are out in the field, you work really hard,” said Patko.

“You get up in the desert, you sleep in the desert. You work in the desert with 10-15 different experts. Then, this hard work pays off. It’s a very cool way to get proof of why it’s important to be in the field.”

Using online databases, the team expected to find species like Walterinnesia aegyptia, also known as the desert cobra or desert black snake — indigenous to nearby Khaybar, where the reptile is well camouflaged against the volcanic landscape.




The Walterinnesia aegyptia, also known as the desert cobra or desert black snake, is indigenous to nearby Khaybar, where the reptile is well camouflaged against the volcanic landscape. (Wikimedia Commons) 

“Harrat Khaybar is mostly black and gray because of the basalt and the old volcanic activity,” said Patko. “The first individual we found was melanistic — a completely black snake.”

The newly discovered snake, by contrast, is a vibrant red, having evolved to blend in with AlUla’s distinctive red, orange, and yellow color palette. “It was very obvious that this is indeed a new species,” said Patko.

Like many desert dwellers, the snake is nocturnal. “During the day, because of the very hot weather, Rhynchocalamus hejazicus probably hides under rocks,” said Patko. “At night, they come out to hunt for invertebrates, small insects.”

And although it has tiny fangs with which to strike its prey, the snake does not carry venom. It is also relatively small. “It’s a very cool snake; a small snake about 20-30 centimeters long, easy to handle,” said Patko.

According to Patko, there are fewer than 20 snake species known in AlUla, perhaps closer to 18. There remains much to learn about this latest addition to the reptile community.




With its striking red hue and chic black collar, the reptile is perfectly adapted to camouflage against the sand and rock of the Hejaz. (RCU)

“We actually don’t know much about their ecology because we just recently described the species. So we can only guess,” said Patko.

“All the snakes we found were alone. Some snakes can gather in one place during winter, but not these.”

One thing Patko believes is clear, however, is the value of AlUla as a thriving natural habitat, making conservation efforts in the region all the more important in the interests of science and biodiversity.

“What’s quite exceptional in this story is how the AlUla deserts can hold these hidden gems,” he said.
 

 


Saudi Arabia is evaluating BRICS membership, says economy minister

Saudi Arabia is evaluating BRICS membership, says economy minister
Updated 37 sec ago
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Saudi Arabia is evaluating BRICS membership, says economy minister

Saudi Arabia is evaluating BRICS membership, says economy minister
  • Study ongoing, says Al-Ibrahim at World Governments Summit
  • Slow forecast global growth means Kingdom needs to ‘engage’

DUBAI: Saudi Arabia is evaluating the benefits of joining the BRICS economic bloc, Faisal Alibrahim, the Kingdom’s minister of economy and planning, said at the World Governments Summit on Wednesday.

Speaking during a session titled “The Emergence of Multiple Economic Blocs,” Alibrahim highlighted Saudi Arabia’s commitment to fostering global dialogue while navigating an increasingly fragmented economic landscape.

The BRICS bloc was formed in 2009 and initially named after its original founders Brazil, Russia, India and China, while South Africa joined a year later. It now has 10 full members including Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, the UAE and Indonesia.

Alibrahim said economic blocs such as BRICS were not an end in themselves but tools to promote stability and integration. “Dialogue is important. It’s important for the Kingdom and for the world today.”

He said Saudi Arabia viewed such platforms as opportunities to build, protect, and expand common ground.

Since the launch of Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has demonstrated an increased openness to global dialogue, aiming to enhance regulatory alignment and market integration.

The minister emphasized that while regional proximity and cultural ties were vital, meaningful economic cooperation also required open, transparent discussions on trade policies and regulatory frameworks.

“During hyperinflation days, like what happened in the 70s, we will be operating less than our potential and less than our optimal output,” he said.

“Which means we will be operating at a loss, and the global economy can’t afford this especially since it is projected to grow at 3.3 percent in 2025. We can’t afford not to continue to engage.”

Alibrahim also addressed the evolving economic dynamics within the GCC. “In the case of the GCC, we’re looking at a common market and a customs union.”

“To be very transparent, we were considering a currency union, but effectively, because of our collective peg, we are more or less pegged to the dollar. This peg has created a form of economic unity.”

The minister said GCC countries were taking a step back to reassess what Gulf economic unity and integration should look like in the future.

“We’re having very open, transparent discussions among all six countries about trade policy and many other topics,” he added.

Addressing Saudi Arabia’s potential BRICS membership, Alibrahim said the Kingdom was undergoing a “rigorous process” to evaluate the pros and cons of joining the bloc.

“Like any multilateral platform, we carefully assess the benefits and challenges,” he explained.

When asked whether BRICS membership might undermine the petrodollar system, Alibrahim dismissed such concerns, stressing that continued dialogue remained essential, even amid policy differences.

“Engagement does not mean endorsement. It’s about sharing perspectives to address global challenges,” he said.

Alibrahim reflected on the current global economic climate marked by rising protectionism and trade disruptions.

He warned that the fading era of hyper-globalization necessitated a shift from merely seeking consensus to fostering meaningful, solution-oriented discussions.

“Hyper globalization is fading. You said it. Protectionism is increasing. Trade disruptions, we don’t want to say specifically, trade wars, trade disruptions are increasing.

“This means that companies and countries are now solving for more stability, not necessarily for efficiency. We can’t afford not to engage.

The minister advocated for robust multilateralism.

“The solution is being honest with each other. We are in the Saudi government, and ministers among themselves are very candid and very respectful.

“But we critique each other, and I think governments bilaterally should develop that strong relationship to be able to comment and support and give each other feedback. And I think that will create the shift needed in global data.”


Saudi Cabinet reviews regional developments, approves key agreements

Saudi Cabinet reviews regional developments, approves key agreements
Updated 11 February 2025
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Saudi Cabinet reviews regional developments, approves key agreements

Saudi Cabinet reviews regional developments, approves key agreements
  • Ministers reject Israeli statements advocating displacement of Palestinians
  • Meeting praises Kingdom’s economic diversification efforts

RIYADH: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman chaired the weekly Cabinet session in Riyadh on Tuesday, where key regional and international issues were discussed and agreements aimed at enhancing the Kingdom’s global partnerships were approved, the Saudi Press Agency reported.

The crown prince briefed the Cabinet on his recent phone calls with Jordan’s King Abdullah II and UAE President Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.

The Cabinet strongly rejected Israeli statements advocating the displacement of Palestinians, reaffirming Saudi Arabia’s commitment to the Palestinian cause. The ministers said that lasting peace could be achieved only through the two-state solution and peaceful coexistence.

The session highlighted the Kingdom’s growing influence in multilateral organizations, particularly its recent election to the Executive Committee of the International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities. The achievement reflects global recognition of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to combat corruption and promote transparency.

On the domestic front, the Cabinet praised the continuing economic diversification efforts, particularly the launch of the King Salman Automobile Manufacturing Complex, which is expected to boost the economic contribution of the non-oil sector and support the National Industry and Logistics Development Program.

The ministers commended the completion of the Financial Sustainability Program’s executive plan, which aims to enhance spending efficiency, develop revenue streams and strengthen Saudi Arabia’s economic resilience under Vision 2030.

The Kingdom’s top ranking on the security index for the Group of 20 industrialized and emerging-market nations was also recognized as a testament to its leadership in ensuring stability and prosperity.

During the session, the Cabinet approved several agreements to strengthen Saudi Arabia’s international partnerships. In the field of security cooperation, ministers signed a deal with Jordan to combat narcotics trafficking, while on the diplomatic front, a mutual visa exemption deal was finalized with the Solomon Islands for holders of diplomatic, special and official passports.

Economic and trade relations were also discussed, with the Cabinet authorizing negotiations for a political consultations memorandum with Armenia and approving a commercial cooperation agreement with the Maldives.

A new partnership was also established with Oman in the field of economy and planning, while a separate memorandum of understanding was signed with Qatar to enhance financial cooperation. The government also approved an agreement with Serbia to avoid double taxation and prevent tax evasion.

In the cultural and scientific fields, a memorandum of understanding was signed with Morocco’s Hassan II Mosque Foundation to promote traditional arts, while another was agreed with the UK’s Meteorological Office for cooperation in meteorology.

Transport and infrastructure initiatives were also on the agenda, with the approval of an agreement with Egypt to enhance maritime connectivity and passenger transport in the Gulf of Aqaba. In the financial sector, the Cabinet endorsed a new partnership to enhance cooperation between the Saudi Central Bank and the Central Bank of Turkiye.

The Cabinet also approved amendments to the Public Prosecution Law and the Board of Grievances Law, adding experienced professionals to their respective councils. Additionally, key promotions were confirmed, including the appointment of Abdul-Moneim bin Abdul-Rahman bin Saleh Al-Mahmoud as an ambassador at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


Saudi paralympic ball game helping empower people with disabilities

Boccia, a precision ball game, was introduced into the Paralympic Games in 1984 and has since rocketed in popularity. (SPA)
Boccia, a precision ball game, was introduced into the Paralympic Games in 1984 and has since rocketed in popularity. (SPA)
Updated 11 February 2025
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Saudi paralympic ball game helping empower people with disabilities

Boccia, a precision ball game, was introduced into the Paralympic Games in 1984 and has since rocketed in popularity. (SPA)
  • Boccia uses six leather balls per side and can be played by individuals, pairs, or teams of three

RIYADH: The sport of boccia is helping to empower people living with severe physical disabilities across the Kingdom, the head of its governing body said.

The precision ball game, which is related to bowls and petanque, was introduced into the Paralympic Games in 1984 and has since rocketed in popularity.

Boccia, a precision ball game, was introduced into the Paralympic Games in 1984 and has since rocketed in popularity. (SPA)

Mohsen Al-Ismail, president of the Saudi Boccia Federation, said his organization was committed to promoting the sport throughout the Kingdom and helping nurture talent, the Saudi Press Agency reported.

When the game was introduced to the Paralympics it was designed to be played by people with cerebral palsy but now includes athletes with other disabilities affecting motor skills.

FASTFACTS

• Mohsen Al-Ismail, president of the Saudi Boccia Federation, said his organization was committed to promoting the sport throughout the Kingdom and helping nurture talent.

• In 1984, the sport attracted just 19 athletes from five countries. In 2024, there were 116 players from 75 countries.

In 1984, the sport attracted just 19 athletes from five countries. In 2024, there were 116 players from 75 countries.

Al-Ismail said the sport helped individuals with cerebral palsy, particularly those with nerve issues, by improving balance, stimulating blood circulation, strengthening muscles and supporting motor rehabilitation.

Boccia uses six leather balls per side and can be played by individuals, pairs, or teams of three. The aim is for players to throw their balls as close as they can to a white target ball, or jack.

The game dates back to ancient Greece and Egypt and its name is derived from the Latin word for “boss.”

 


Saudi Arabia tops G20 Safety Index, GASTAT report says

Saudi Arabia tops G20 Safety Index, GASTAT report says
Updated 11 February 2025
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Saudi Arabia tops G20 Safety Index, GASTAT report says

Saudi Arabia tops G20 Safety Index, GASTAT report says

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia has ranked first among G20 countries in public safety perception, with 92.6 percent of the Kingdom’s population feeling safe walking alone at night in their residential areas, according to the 2023 Safety Index Publication issued by the General Authority for Statistics.

The data, drawn from the Global Sustainable Development Goals Indicators Database, highlights the effectiveness of government initiatives aimed at enhancing security and quality of life across the country, the Saudi Press Agency reported.

GASTAT said the results reflected the contributions of various government sectors in ensuring the safety of individuals across all regions and governorates.

Saudi Arabia’s ranking aligned with its broader efforts as part of the Saudi Vision 2030 to enhance stability and well-being across multiple domains, including economic, food, environmental, health, social, political, intellectual, technological, and cybersecurity safety, SPA added.

The Safety Index Publication was a key outcome of the 2023 Household Socio-Economic Survey, which assessed various aspects of economic and social life in Saudi Arabia, including residents’ perceptions of safety in their local communities.


Saudi Arabia’s real estate giant ROSHN using AI to enhance efficiency, improve services

Pablo Sanz, Executive Director of Digital Products at ROSHN Group speaks to Arab News at LEAP 2025. (AN photo)
Pablo Sanz, Executive Director of Digital Products at ROSHN Group speaks to Arab News at LEAP 2025. (AN photo)
Updated 12 February 2025
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Saudi Arabia’s real estate giant ROSHN using AI to enhance efficiency, improve services

Pablo Sanz, Executive Director of Digital Products at ROSHN Group speaks to Arab News at LEAP 2025. (AN photo)
  • Technology helps build 3D models, automate procurement, executive says
  • State-owned developer has plans to build fully integrated communities in 5 cities

RIYADH: State-owned property developer ROSHN said it is using artificial intelligence across its operations to enhance efficiency, improve the customer experience and support its sustainability efforts.

Speaking to Arab News on the sidelines of the LEAP 2025 technology conference in Riyadh, Pablo Sanz, executive director of digital products, said: “We are deploying multiple AI agents … so we can serve you better or we can solve your problems in a more convenient way.”

The move was part of the company’s broader strategy to simplify processes and improve accessibility, to assist customers with purchases, moving in and managing services, he said.

Sanz said AI-powered tools were being used to create 3D models of buildings, automate the procurement process, streamline construction, reduce waste, improve efficiency and analyze data on real estate markets.

ROSHN recently partnered with Google Cloud to enhance its AI capabilities. The collaboration is designed to improve data-driven decision making and ensure the company’s developments align with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 for smart and sustainable cities.

“AI is changing how we do a lot of things,” Sanz said. “The human touch is still important, but AI allows us to work faster and make processes more convenient in many areas, from customer interactions to supplier relationships.”

ROSHN has plans to build fully integrated communities in five cities – Jeddah, Makkah, Riyadh, Hofuf and Dammam – across the country and is a key player in the Kingdom’s goal to achieve 70 percent home ownership by 2030.