Leading olive oil producer Spain turns to olive stones for fuel

Leading olive oil producer Spain turns to olive stones for fuel
“We use olive pits from our trees to heat the swimming pool, the underfloor heating system and get hot water,” said the 48-year-old. (AFP)
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Updated 12 September 2024
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Leading olive oil producer Spain turns to olive stones for fuel

Leading olive oil producer Spain turns to olive stones for fuel
  • “We use olive pits from our trees to heat the swimming pool, the underfloor heating system and get hot water,” said the 48-year-old

MADRID: Farmer David Jimenez Zamora barely flinched when gas and electricity prices in Spain soared with the energy crisis.
He kept heating the covered pool in the 18th century farmhouse he rents to tourists and the hot water running for as many as 26 guests at once without getting the terrifying energy bills hammering fellow Spaniards.
His secret? Olive stones.
“We use olive pits from our trees to heat the swimming pool, the underfloor heating system and get hot water,” said the 48-year-old.
“This is normally used from September onwards,” he said, standing by a store holding 5,000 kilos of stones overlooking a sea of olive trees in the province of Granada, in the southern Andalusia region.
Olive stones also power the machines producing Spain’s famed “liquid gold” olive oil at two agricultural cooperatives he’s part of. Solar panels cover the rest of their energy needs.
The use of pits to fuel boilers in homes and small enterprises, mills and even flights in Spain’s olive-growing heartland shows the role the industry and the country’s vast agricultural sector can play in helping decarbonize hard-to-electrify sectors, like aviation.
Using stones as biomass isn’t new in olive-producing countries like Spain and Italy. However, the energy shock following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Europe’s decarbonization push and the olive oil industry’s struggles in recent years with fluctuating prices have sparked renewed interest in getting maximum value out of the crop, farmers and industry groups said.
Spain’s olive oil industry is also a natural ally for companies like Repsol and Cepsa, which are investing heavily to boost capacity to turn organic waste into biofuels.
GLOBAL LEADERSHIP Spain is the world’s largest producer of olive oil, accounting for up to half of the global output in recent years, 80 percent of that from Andalusia.
In the ten years through 2019, the country accounted on average for over half of Europe’s stock of olive stones, Spanish biomass association Avebiom estimates.
A byproduct of olive oil production, pits account for between 8 and 10 percent of a ton of processed olives. On average, Spain produces around 400,000 tons of olive pits a year, Avebiom’s Pablo Rodero said.
Roughly a third of this is refined to reduce moisture content and get a clean product that can fuel domestic boilers, fetching the highest prices — up to twice as much as unrefined stones, according to Rodero. The rest is used to produce thermal energy to drive the almazaras – as the traditional mills are known – and in industrial boilers, according to the association.

PRICE ROLLERCOASTER More and more mills and companies are refining the stones for sale to domestic users, Rodero said.
At the end of last year, Spain had 31 firms refining and producing olives stones as biomass, up from 25 in 2020.
Many, like Pelaez Renovables, are in Andalusia. Every year, it refines up to 25,000 tons of stones for sale to domestic and industrial customers, with an added value of between 60-80 euros a ton, managing partner Jose Pelaez said.
The past couple of years have been difficult, he added.
Scorching temperatures devastated Spain’s olive crop. With fewer stones on the market, prices soared, upending years of stability and leading to a 40 percent drop in demand, Pelaez said.
Last year, consumers had to shell out up to 400 euros a ton, or some 8 euro cents per kilowatt-hours (kWh), for olive pits, including transport and taxes, more than double the price in 2021, according to Avebiom data.
Stones remained cheaper than diesel and the government-regulated gas tariff but in line with wood pellets and more expensive than wood chips.
In the second quarter of this year, prices fell toward 300 euros a ton, a decline Pelaez hopes will bring higher sales.
“I would be happy with an increase of 5-10 percent per year,” he said.
Biomass and biofuels should play a limited role in the energy mix when electrification isn’t an option, Sara Pizzinato and Helena Moreno of Greenpeace Spain said, as burning biomass still has an environmental impact and releases contaminants.
“The sector is attracting private equity firms eager to industrialize the production, making it unsustainable,” Moreno said.
Oil company Cepsa even took the humble pits to the sky. In 2022, it used them and other olive industry waste to make sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) that powered more than 200 flights out of Andalusia’s Seville airport.
Large companies have focused on cheaper waste, equally or better suited to become biofuels, like used cooking oil, Rodero and other industry sources said.
Stones and other organic waste are though an increasingly important income source for mills, said Macarena Sanchez, director of Almazaras Federadas de Espana which represents more than 200 mills, accounting for up to a third of their revenue.
This marks a drastic change for an industry that in the past didn’t know what to do with its waste, said Rodero.
“Now everything is used,” he said. “Olives are like pigs: Nothing goes to waste.”


Nobel Prize in medicine honors two Americans for discovery of microRNA

Nobel Prize in medicine honors two Americans for discovery of microRNA
Updated 07 October 2024
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Nobel Prize in medicine honors two Americans for discovery of microRNA

Nobel Prize in medicine honors two Americans for discovery of microRNA
  • The Nobel Assembly said Monday that their discovery is “proving to be fundamentally important for how organisms develop and function”

STOCKHOLM: The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded Monday to Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA, a fundamental principle governing how gene activity is regulated.
The Nobel Assembly said that their discovery is “proving to be fundamentally important for how organisms develop and function.”
Ambros performed the research that led to his prize at Harvard University. He is currently a professor of natural science at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Ruvkun’s research was performed at Massachusetts General Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, where he’s a professor of genetics, said Thomas Perlmann, Secretary-General of the Nobel Committee.
Perlmann said he spoke to Ruvkun by phone shortly before the announcement.
“It took a long time before he came to the phone and sounded very tired, but he quite rapidly, was quite excited and happy, when he understood what, it was all about,” Perlmann said.
Last year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to Hungarian-American Katalin Karikó and American Drew Weissman for discoveries that enabled the creation of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 that were critical in slowing the pandemic.
The prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million) from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel.
The announcement launched this year’s Nobel prizes award season.
Nobel announcements continue with the physics prize on Tuesday, chemistry on Wednesday and literature on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences on Oct. 14.
The laureates are invited to receive their awards at ceremonies on Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.


Sardinia’s sheep farmers battle bluetongue as climate warms

Sardinia’s sheep farmers battle bluetongue as climate warms
Updated 07 October 2024
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Sardinia’s sheep farmers battle bluetongue as climate warms

Sardinia’s sheep farmers battle bluetongue as climate warms
  • Some 20,000 sheep have died so far this year on the island, which is home to nearly half Italy’s flock and plays an important role in the production of famed Italian cheeses such as Pecorino

ARBUS: The sheep huddle together, bleeding from the nose, aborting lambs or suffocating on saliva as they succumb to bluetongue, a virus sweeping through flocks on the Italian island of Sardinia.
Some 20,000 sheep have died so far this year on the island, which is home to nearly half Italy’s flock and plays an important role in the production of famed Italian cheeses such as Pecorino.
It is another blow for farmers in a region already battered by a drought aggravated by man-made climate change — which experts say is also fueling the spread of bluetongue and longer outbreaks.
“The virus hit about two and a half months earlier than usual,” 39-year-old farmer Michela Dessi told AFP as she scanned her flock for panting or limping sheep in her fields in Arbus in western Sardinia.
Bluetongue does not present any risks to humans but in animals it causes swollen heads, high fevers, mouth ulcers, difficulty swallowing and breathing, and can turn an infected animal’s tongue blue.
It is transmitted between animals by biting midges.
While cattle, goats and deer can get it too, sheep are the most severely affected, according to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH).
Infected and pregnant ewes abort or their lambs are born deformed, and survivors can lose their wool.
Sunken sides are a sign the ewes are carrying dead fetuses. The sick animals struggle to expel them.
The infection rate this year on Dessi’s farm is about 60 percent, and some 30 percent of her sheep have aborted.
Around 50 of her 650 sheep have died — and in a way she said was “horrible to watch.”
With high fevers, “they refuse food and water and some suffocate or drown in their own saliva,” she said, adding that it is illegal to euthanize them.
Nearly 3,000 outbreaks have been recorded so far this year in Sardinia, compared to 371 last year — and the end is not yet in sight.
Bluetongue used to peak in Sardinia in August but has done so as late as November in recent years, according to the region’s veterinary research institute (IZS).
“Climatic conditions heavily influence midge populations,” the animal health division at the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome told AFP.
They affect “their biting behavior and the speed of development of the virus, with climate change likely driving the virus’s expansion... and contributing to larger outbreaks.”
Cases have been reported this year in other European countries, from neighboring France to Portugal, Spain, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Bluetongue has been present in Sardinia since 2000 but Italy’s farming lobby Coldiretti says authorities are too slow each year to vaccinate the island’s flocks.
The costs of failing to rein it in are high.
A University of Bologna study last year found the 2017 outbreak, which killed 34,500 sheep, cost an estimated 30 million euros ($33 million).
That included damages suffered by farms — deaths, reduced milk yields, infertility, abortions — costs to animal health authorities and subventions paid by the region to affected farms.
“The first outbreaks occur in the same at-risk areas each year,” meaning highly targeted measures could theoretically prevent outbreaks, said Stefano Cappai from research institute IZS.
There are three variants on the island this year, two of which can be vaccinated against, with mortality rates twice as high among unvaccinated sheep.
Flocks should be vaccinated in March or April, Cappai said, but vaccines were only issued by the region in mid-June this year.
By that point, the virus had begun to spread unchecked.
Even if the vaccines had been made available earlier, some farmers fear to use them.
Others only vaccinate part of their flock, which means they fail to reach herd immunity, Cappai said.
And some farmers — like Dessi — vaccinated her flock, only for the sheep to catch the variant for which there is no vaccine yet.
Battista Cualbu, head of Coldiretti in Sardinia, who also has an outbreak on his farm, said vaccines are not enough and authorities must disinfect areas and provide midge repellents.
“It would certainly save public money because the region has to pay compensation for dead livestock (and) lost income,” he said, including less milk sold and fewer lambs for the slaughterhouse.
Compensation is set at 150 euros per sheep killed by bluetongue — a figure Coldiretti is battling to increase, although the region has failed to pay up over the past three years, Dessi said.
As temperatures fall, the case numbers are expected to decline but Dessi said the end was weeks away.
“I’ve dug three mass graves already and I fear the worst is still to come,” she said.


Survivor of rare rapid-aging disease progeria dies at 28

Sammy Basso. (Twitter @SammyBasso)
Sammy Basso. (Twitter @SammyBasso)
Updated 06 October 2024
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Survivor of rare rapid-aging disease progeria dies at 28

Sammy Basso. (Twitter @SammyBasso)
  • Born in 1995 in Schio, in the northern Italian region of Veneto, Basso was diagnosed with progeria at the age of two. In 2005, he and his parents founded the Italian Progeria Association

MILAN: Sammy Basso, who was the longest living survivor of the rare genetic disease progeria, has died at the age of 28, the Italian Progeria Association said on Sunday.
Progeria, also known as Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome, causes people to age rapidly, leading them to appear older than they are, with a reduced quality of life and a life expectancy of only 13.5 years without treatment, the association’s website said.
It affects one in every 8 million people born, and has a worldwide incidence of one in every 20 million.
Born in 1995 in Schio, in the northern Italian region of Veneto, Basso was diagnosed with progeria at the age of two. In 2005, he and his parents founded the Italian Progeria Association.
He became famous through the National Geographic documentary “Sammy’s Journey,” which recounts his journey along Route 66 in the United States, from Chicago to Los Angeles, with his parents and one of his best friends, Riccardo.
“Today our light, our guide, has gone out. Thank you Sammy for making us part of this wonderful life,” the association wrote on its Instagram page.
There are only 130 recognized cases of classic progeria worldwide, of which four are in Italy.
However, the Italian Progeria Association estimated there could be as many as 350 cases as they can be difficult to trace especially in developing countries.

 


‘Russian spy’ whale likely died of infection: Norway police

‘Russian spy’ whale likely died of infection: Norway police
Updated 04 October 2024
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‘Russian spy’ whale likely died of infection: Norway police

‘Russian spy’ whale likely died of infection: Norway police
  • Animal rights’ organizations NOAH and One Whale claimed the whale had been shot dead and filed a police report

OSLO: A beluga whale found dead in Norway in August, suspected by some of being a Russian spy, probably died of an infection and not gunshot wounds, Norwegian police said Friday.
Nicknamed “Hvaldimir” in a pun on the Norwegian word for whale (“hval“) and its purported ties to Moscow, the white beluga first appeared off the coast in Norway’s far-northern Finnmark region in 2019 and quickly became a celebrity in the country.
He was found dead on August 31 in a bay on Norway’s southwestern coast.
Animal rights’ organizations NOAH and One Whale claimed the whale had been shot dead and filed a police report.
The Norwegian Veterinary Institute conducted an autopsy and found a 35-centimeter (14-inch) stick lodged in his mouth.
“The report concluded that the probable cause of death was a bacterial infection, possibly a result of wounds in his mouth caused by a stick that got stuck,” police official Amund Preede Revheim said in a statement on Friday.
“The stick may also have made it difficult for Hvaldimir to eat, thereby increasing the risk of infection,” he added.
Police said they had found no trace of bullets and had decided not to open an investigation.
“There is nothing in the examinations that suggests Hvaldimir was killed illegally,” Preede Revheim said.
When Hvaldimir was found in 2019, Norwegian marine biologists removed a man-made harness with a mount suited for an action camera and the words “Equipment St. Petersburg” printed in English on the plastic clasps.
The whale appeared to be accustomed to humans.
Norwegian officials said the whale might have escaped an enclosure and been trained by the Russian navy.
Moscow has never made any official response to claims the whale could be a “Russian spy.”


Stranded killer whales make their way to sea in Russia

Stranded killer whales make their way to sea in Russia
Updated 04 October 2024
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Stranded killer whales make their way to sea in Russia

Stranded killer whales make their way to sea in Russia

MOSCOW: A family of killer whales who were stranded in a silted estuary in the Russian Far East have made their way to the open sea after researchers directed them into deeper water, Russia’s emergencies ministry said on Friday.
The four animals, two adults and two calves, beached in the estuary on the Kamchatka Peninsula this week and researchers and volunteers had to douse them with water at one point to prevent them from dying.
After one unsuccessful rescue attempt in which they missed the narrow exit during high tide, the orcas managed to leave the estuary on Friday, the ministry said on the Telegram messaging app where it also published videos of the rescue operation.
Orcas, or killer whales, belong to the sub-order of toothed whales but are also the largest member of the dolphin family, according to Whale and Dolphin Conservation.