The best lack all convictions, while the worst / Are full of passionate intensity!
Is there a better description of what is happening in Israel now? Yet these words were written, almost a century ago, by the Irish poet W. B. Yeats.
Yeats was writing shortly after the terrible slaughter and destruction of WWI. He believed that the world was coming to an end. As part of the chaos, he foresaw in the same poem that “the center cannot hold.” I believe he took this metaphor from the battlefields of former ages, when the opposing armies were arrayed in two lines facing each other, with the main force in the center, and the two flanks protecting it.
In a classic battle, each side tried to destroy one of the flanks of the enemy in order to encircle the center and attack it. As long as the center held, the battle was undecided. In Israel, as in most modern democracies, the center is composed of two or more establishment parties, slightly left and slightly right. The leftist is the classic Labor party, now hiding behind the name “Zionist Camp.” The rightist is the Likud, the present incarnation of the old “Revisionist” party founded nearly a hundred years ago by Vladimir Jabotinsky, a liberal nationalist, in the Italian Risorgimento style. This was the Israeli center, supported by some conjuncture-born parties.
It ruled Israel since the day of its founding. One party constituted the government, the other acted as the loyal opposition, and they swapped roles every few years, as they should in a decent democracy. On the “flanks” there were the Arab Parties (now united under duress), the small but principled Meretz on the left, and several religious and proto-Fascist parties on the right. It was a “normal” set-up, like that in many other democratic countries. No more.
On the center-left, a mood of resignation and defeat prevails. The old party has fallen into the hands of a number of political dwarfs, whose quarrels among themselves obliterate all its other functions. The present leader, Yitzhak Herzog, the scion of a good family, carries by law the glorious title of “Leader of the Opposition,” but doesn’t even know what opposition is. Some call his party “Likud 2.” On all the vital subjects the party is mute. For all practical purposes, it is moribund or worse.
“The best lack all conviction,” as Yeats lamented. The best elements of Israeli society are dispirited, defeated and mute. On the center-right, the picture is even worse, and much more dangerous. The Likud, once a liberal, democratic right-wing party, has fallen victim to a hostile takeover. Its extremist wing has pushed everyone else out, and now dominates the party completely. In the sense of the same metaphor, the right flank has taken over the center. “The worst are full of intensity.” These rightist radicals are now in full cry. These dangerous barbarians are indeed “full of intensity.” The addition of Avigdor Lieberman to the government completes the frightening picture. Why has this happened? What is the root cause?
The usual answer is “the people have moved to the right.” But that explains nothing. Why have they moved rightward? Why? Some seek the explanation in the demographic schism in the Israeli Jewish community. Jews whose families come from Islamic countries (called Mizrahim) tend to vote for the Likud, Jews whose families come from Europe (Ashkenazim) tend to the left. That does not explain Lieberman, whose party consists of immigrants from the former Soviet Union generally called “Russians.” Why are so many of them extreme rightists, racists and Arab-haters?
A class by themselves are young leftists, who refuse to support any party. Instead, they turn toward non-party activism, regularly founding new groups for civil rights and peace. They support the Palestinians in the occupied territories and do wonderful work for similar causes. But they abhor the political arena, would not join any party, much less unite for this purpose. I believe that this phenomenon comes close to the explanation of the trend. More and more people, especially young ones, turn their back on “politics” — by which they mean party politics — altogether.
They do not “lack all convictions,” but believe that the political parties lack all honest convictions and they want nothing to do with them. Thus we come to an astonishing fact: Developments in Israel resemble processes in many other countries, which have nothing to do with our specific problems.
A few days ago there were elections for the presidency of Austria. Until now, the Austrian presidency, a ceremonial office as in Israel, passed between the two main parties. This time something unprecedented happened: The two final candidates came from the extreme right and the Greens. The voters just eliminated all the candidates from the central establishment. Worse, the near-fascist candidate only lost by a tiny margin.
The only explanation is that Austrians, like Israelis, are fed up with the established parties. The two nations, which have nothing else in common, feel the same. In France, the far-right anti-establishment politician Marine Le Pen is celebrating. In Spain, Holland and some of the Scandinavian states anti-establishment parties are winning.
In the UK, the public is about to vote for or against the Brexit, a cause identified with the establishment. What about the lone superpower, the US? For months now, the world public has been watching with growing amazement the incredible ascent of Donald Trump. From day to day, the drama, which started as a comedy, becomes more frightening. How can millions and millions flock to the banner of a loud-mouthed, vulgar, ignorant candidate?
On the other side there is Bernie Sanders, a much more appealing character, but one also detested by his own party, with an agenda that is quite remote from that of the majority of Americans. This seems to have become a worldwide pattern. All over South America, not so long ago a bulwark of the left, leftist parties are thrown out, and rightist figures take over. For me, this is a riddle. Every few decades, new ideas come up and infect a large part of humanity. Democracy, liberalism, anarchism, social-democracy, communism, fascism, democracy again, and now this kind of chaos, mostly radical right-wing, are worldwide trends. They don’t yet have a name.
I am sure that many people, Marxists and others, have a ready-made explanation. I am not convinced by any. I am just baffled. Coming back to us poor Israelis: I just published in Haaretz a practical plan to stem the deluge and push it back. I am still committed to optimism.
Is there a better description of what is happening in Israel now? Yet these words were written, almost a century ago, by the Irish poet W. B. Yeats.
Yeats was writing shortly after the terrible slaughter and destruction of WWI. He believed that the world was coming to an end. As part of the chaos, he foresaw in the same poem that “the center cannot hold.” I believe he took this metaphor from the battlefields of former ages, when the opposing armies were arrayed in two lines facing each other, with the main force in the center, and the two flanks protecting it.
In a classic battle, each side tried to destroy one of the flanks of the enemy in order to encircle the center and attack it. As long as the center held, the battle was undecided. In Israel, as in most modern democracies, the center is composed of two or more establishment parties, slightly left and slightly right. The leftist is the classic Labor party, now hiding behind the name “Zionist Camp.” The rightist is the Likud, the present incarnation of the old “Revisionist” party founded nearly a hundred years ago by Vladimir Jabotinsky, a liberal nationalist, in the Italian Risorgimento style. This was the Israeli center, supported by some conjuncture-born parties.
It ruled Israel since the day of its founding. One party constituted the government, the other acted as the loyal opposition, and they swapped roles every few years, as they should in a decent democracy. On the “flanks” there were the Arab Parties (now united under duress), the small but principled Meretz on the left, and several religious and proto-Fascist parties on the right. It was a “normal” set-up, like that in many other democratic countries. No more.
On the center-left, a mood of resignation and defeat prevails. The old party has fallen into the hands of a number of political dwarfs, whose quarrels among themselves obliterate all its other functions. The present leader, Yitzhak Herzog, the scion of a good family, carries by law the glorious title of “Leader of the Opposition,” but doesn’t even know what opposition is. Some call his party “Likud 2.” On all the vital subjects the party is mute. For all practical purposes, it is moribund or worse.
“The best lack all conviction,” as Yeats lamented. The best elements of Israeli society are dispirited, defeated and mute. On the center-right, the picture is even worse, and much more dangerous. The Likud, once a liberal, democratic right-wing party, has fallen victim to a hostile takeover. Its extremist wing has pushed everyone else out, and now dominates the party completely. In the sense of the same metaphor, the right flank has taken over the center. “The worst are full of intensity.” These rightist radicals are now in full cry. These dangerous barbarians are indeed “full of intensity.” The addition of Avigdor Lieberman to the government completes the frightening picture. Why has this happened? What is the root cause?
The usual answer is “the people have moved to the right.” But that explains nothing. Why have they moved rightward? Why? Some seek the explanation in the demographic schism in the Israeli Jewish community. Jews whose families come from Islamic countries (called Mizrahim) tend to vote for the Likud, Jews whose families come from Europe (Ashkenazim) tend to the left. That does not explain Lieberman, whose party consists of immigrants from the former Soviet Union generally called “Russians.” Why are so many of them extreme rightists, racists and Arab-haters?
A class by themselves are young leftists, who refuse to support any party. Instead, they turn toward non-party activism, regularly founding new groups for civil rights and peace. They support the Palestinians in the occupied territories and do wonderful work for similar causes. But they abhor the political arena, would not join any party, much less unite for this purpose. I believe that this phenomenon comes close to the explanation of the trend. More and more people, especially young ones, turn their back on “politics” — by which they mean party politics — altogether.
They do not “lack all convictions,” but believe that the political parties lack all honest convictions and they want nothing to do with them. Thus we come to an astonishing fact: Developments in Israel resemble processes in many other countries, which have nothing to do with our specific problems.
A few days ago there were elections for the presidency of Austria. Until now, the Austrian presidency, a ceremonial office as in Israel, passed between the two main parties. This time something unprecedented happened: The two final candidates came from the extreme right and the Greens. The voters just eliminated all the candidates from the central establishment. Worse, the near-fascist candidate only lost by a tiny margin.
The only explanation is that Austrians, like Israelis, are fed up with the established parties. The two nations, which have nothing else in common, feel the same. In France, the far-right anti-establishment politician Marine Le Pen is celebrating. In Spain, Holland and some of the Scandinavian states anti-establishment parties are winning.
In the UK, the public is about to vote for or against the Brexit, a cause identified with the establishment. What about the lone superpower, the US? For months now, the world public has been watching with growing amazement the incredible ascent of Donald Trump. From day to day, the drama, which started as a comedy, becomes more frightening. How can millions and millions flock to the banner of a loud-mouthed, vulgar, ignorant candidate?
On the other side there is Bernie Sanders, a much more appealing character, but one also detested by his own party, with an agenda that is quite remote from that of the majority of Americans. This seems to have become a worldwide pattern. All over South America, not so long ago a bulwark of the left, leftist parties are thrown out, and rightist figures take over. For me, this is a riddle. Every few decades, new ideas come up and infect a large part of humanity. Democracy, liberalism, anarchism, social-democracy, communism, fascism, democracy again, and now this kind of chaos, mostly radical right-wing, are worldwide trends. They don’t yet have a name.
I am sure that many people, Marxists and others, have a ready-made explanation. I am not convinced by any. I am just baffled. Coming back to us poor Israelis: I just published in Haaretz a practical plan to stem the deluge and push it back. I am still committed to optimism.
