The world is concerned with reaching net-zero emissions to combat climate change. Nuclear power can be a base load to back up intermittent power sources such as wind and solar. A base load is a steady supply of electricity that covers the minimum, or base demand, in an electricity grid.

Electric vehicles, energy storage, wind power, solar PV, concentrated solar power, bioenergy, geothermal, expanded electricity grids, hydrogen, geothermal, bioenergy, and carbon capture and sequestration will need a huge amount of minerals and metals as the energy transition plays out.

There is no such thing as clean energy. Some energy systems are cleaner than others.